Definitions

Question 1

International Legal Personality

Answer 1

• Subject to international law
• Can enter formal legal relations w/other legal personalities
• Can represent and constrain (through rules) members
• Legally responsible for wrongful acts

Question 2

Federalism

Answer 2

• Integration through large steps
• Creation of treaties with purpose of integration
• Ultimate goal is creation of supranational authority

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

• ‘Form follows function’
• Integration through small steps in specific areas
• Body created to serve specific function (e.g.: economic cooperation) rather than merely for the sake integration

Question 4

Neofunctionalism

Answer 4

• Spillover effect
• Cooperation in one field leads to more integration in other areas
• Integration from low politics to high politics (e.g.: econ/environment –> security)

Question 5

NGO

Answer 5

• Private, voluntary actor

Question 6

IO

Answer 6

• Intergovernmental organisation
• Min. 3 states with formal treaty
• International legal personality
• Permanent location (headquarters, budget, etc)

Question 7

IOs as Actors

Answer 7

• Have international legal personalities = rights, privileges, obligations
• Socially seen as independent

Question 8

IOs as Fora

Answer 8

• IOs as a meeting place
• View then sees states as most important actors
• IOs reducing transaction costs

Question 9

IOs as Instruments

Answer 9

• States use IOs to further their own political interests (e.g.: using them as scapegoat in domestic politics, Bush trying to get UN SC approval for Iraq invasion)

Question 10

Principal-Agent Theory

Answer 10

• States are principal, IOs are the agents
• States delegate authority to IOs for them to carry out certain functions
• Agents may have their own agendas and deviate from the Principal’s goals

Question 11

Tragedy of the Commons

Answer 11

• Shared resourced used up by individual actors leading to depletion of resource
• Individuals acting against common good

Question 12

Specialised Agencies

Answer 12

• Independent IOs with founding treaties and separate budgets, coordinated through the UN
• Financed through assessed and voluntary contribution of members

Question 13

Intergovernmentalism

Answer 13

• Acceleration in cooperation not always automatic
• Integration only happens when it suits states’ interests
• Unlikely that cooperation will become supranational
  Cooperation limited in ares limiting national sovereignty