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Patient Assessment > Treat or refer > Flashcards

Treat or refer Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurism

A

Refer to GP as an emergency. Do not treat.

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2
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat.

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3
Q

Acute calcific tendonitis

A

Send to GP for imaging to confirm and possibly pain meds. Chiropractic may help. Condition goes away with time. Ice. Exercise muscles so they don’t weaken.

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4
Q

Acute cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat if symptomatic.

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5
Q

Acute liver failure

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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6
Q

Acute pancreatitis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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7
Q

Acute pyelonephritis

A

Refer to GP.

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8
Q

Acute renal failure (ARF)

A

Emergency send to hospital.

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9
Q

Adrenal disorders - Addison’s disease (hypoadrenalism)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed if later stage symptoms.

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10
Q

Adrenal disorders - Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat.

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11
Q

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD)

A

Stop drinking. Lifelong abstinence. Good nutrition. Refer to GP. OK to treat. Careful with herbal medicines

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12
Q

Anemia

A

Refer but ok to treat. Encourage to eat iron rich foods if deficient.

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13
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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14
Q

Angina equivalent

A

Refer to GP for stress testing. OK to treat.

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15
Q

Anxiety

A

Refer to councilor. Ok to treat.

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16
Q

Aortic dissection (thoracic)

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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17
Q

Appendicitis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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18
Q

Arachnoiditis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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19
Q

Arrhythmia

A

AF can cause stroke. Call ambulance if in AF. Otherwise refer to GP.

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20
Q

AS

A

Ok to treat.

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21
Q

Asthma

A

Lifestyles: Set goals and educate, avoid allergens and aggravating factors. Complimentary meds have had anecdotal success. Refer to GP, but ok to treat.

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22
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

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23
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis

A

Refer to GP. 50% of symptomatic patients die within 5 years if not treated. 10% if treated. OK to treat.

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24
Q

Benign Positional Vertigo.

A

Perform the Epply maneuver to relieve symptoms.

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25
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

Refer to GP to check for cancer. Don’t treat until cancer ruled out

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26
Q

Bornholm disease /epidemic myalgia/coxsackie viral infection)

A

Will clear up without treatment. Don’t treat while infectious

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27
Q

Brain stem or cerebellar tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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28
Q

Brain tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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29
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

Refer to GP. Regular chest physiotherapy. OK to treat.

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30
Q

Carcinoid bowel tumour/carcinoid syndrome

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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31
Q

Cervical facet syndrome

A

Ok to treat.

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32
Q

Cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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33
Q

Cervical stenosis/Cervical myelopathy

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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34
Q

Cervicogenic headache

A

Chiropractic can help this.

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35
Q

Cholelithiasis/chronic cholecystitis

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

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36
Q

Chronic kidney disease (CKD)/ Glomerolunephritis

A

Refer to GP, especially if BP high or young. Lifestyle - stop smoking, healthy diet, weight and exercise. May need to control consumption of protein if severe, with balance to avoid malnutrition.

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37
Q

Chronic liver failure

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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38
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat but check for osteoporosis. General aims: Improve breathlessness, Reduce frequency and severity of exacerbations, Improve health status. Lifestyle: Stop smoking. Pulmonary rehabilitation exercise groups - exercise, education and support. Flu and pneumococcal vaccination. Lose weight if obese. Improve nutrition. Address depression and social isolation. End of life care.

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39
Q

Chronic pancreatitis

A

Alcohol avoidance is crucial for alcohol related cases. Treatment for self neglect and malnutrition. Refer to GP.

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40
Q

Chronic pyelonephritis

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

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41
Q

Cirrhosis of the liver

A

Refer to doctor. Encourage healthy diet and no drinking. Careful with herbal medicines. OK to treat.

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42
Q

Cluster headache

A

Ok to treat

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43
Q

Coeliac disease

A

Responds well to gluten free diet. Dietary counseling. Correct deficiencies of Iron, folate, Ca, Vitamin D, with supplements. Monitor weight & nutrition. May refer to GP for further medication.

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44
Q

Colorectal cancer

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed. Good prognosis if caught early.

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45
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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46
Q

Costochondritis

A

Apply heat to tender area to sooth. OK to treat but avoid ribs.

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47
Q

Cranial nerve lesion

A

Emergency if undiagnosed. Call ambulance.

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48
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

Refer to GP. Regular chest physiotherapy. Good nutrition. Don’t treat until diagnosed due to possible osteoporosis.

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49
Q

Dehydration headache

A

Encourage patient to drink more. OK to treat.

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50
Q

Dementia

A

Refer to GP. Difficulty with informed consent

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51
Q

Diabetes mellitis

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

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52
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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53
Q

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

A

Chiropractic can help.

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54
Q

Dorsal column lesion.

A

Emergency if undiagnosed. Call ambulance.

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55
Q

Drug related headache

A

OK to treat

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56
Q

DVT

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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57
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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58
Q

Eczema

A

Refer to GP if affecting daily life. Moisturisers can help. Ok to treat.

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59
Q

Endometriosis

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

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60
Q

Facet syndrome (Lumbar)

A

Chiropractic can help.

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61
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

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62
Q

Frozen shoulder/Adhesive capsulitis

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

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63
Q

Gastric carcinoma

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed. Poor prognosis..

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64
Q

Gastritis

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

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65
Q

Gastrooesophageal reflux disease

A

Lifestyle: Weight loss. Avoidance of trigger foods. Elevation of bed head. Avoidance of late meals. Stop smoking. Refer to GP for further medication or investigation.

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66
Q

Gilberts syndrome

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat. Harmless condition.

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67
Q

Graves’ disease - (overactive thyroid)

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat.

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68
Q

Haemophillia

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

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69
Q

Haemorrage - Cerebellar

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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70
Q

Haemorrage - Intracerebral

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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71
Q

Hemorrhage - Subarachnoid

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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72
Q

Hemorrhage - Subdural and extradural

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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73
Q

Haemorrhoids (Piles)

A

Prevent constipation and straining. Refer to GP if further investigation or treatment is needed.

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74
Q

Haemothorax

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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75
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or other hypothyroidism

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat.

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76
Q

Heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) - acute

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

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77
Q

Heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) - chronic

A

Refer to GP

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78
Q

Hepatic encephalopathy

A

Refer to GP

79
Q

Hepatic tumour - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

80
Q

Herpes Zoster (Shingles)

A

Refer to GP, but ok to treat.

81
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) or Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

82
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

83
Q

Hypertension

A

Refer to GP but also encourage lifestyle changes: obesity, alcohol, salt, exercise, eat more fruit and veg. Smoking. Eat less saturated fat. Eat oily fish.

84
Q

Hyperventilation syndrome

A

Supportive counseling. Phychiatric or psychological treatment. Reassurance. Some doctors suggest deep breathing exercises. Ok to treat.

85
Q

Hypothalamic/Pituitary - Acromegaly

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat.

86
Q

IBD - crohn’s disease

A

Refer, but can help with pain management

87
Q

IBD - ulcerative colitis

A

Refer, but can help with pain management

88
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat while patient is infectious.

89
Q

Infective endocarditis

A

Emergency send to hospital.

90
Q

Infective/Septic arthritis

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

91
Q

Intercostal muscle injury/strain

A

Rest. Ok to treat.

92
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Healthy diet. May need to exclude allergens. Chiropractic can help.

93
Q

Labrinthitis

A

Refer if severe. Ok to treat.

94
Q

Leukemia

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

95
Q

Mallory - Weiss syndrome

A

Refer to GP. May stop after 1 -2 days without treatment but rarely can be fatal.

96
Q

Meniere’s disease

A

Refer but ok to treat.

97
Q

Migraine

A

Ok to treat.

98
Q

Mitelschmertz

A

Ok to treat

99
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Refer to GP for further tests.

100
Q

Motor Neuron Disease

A

Refer but ok to treat.

101
Q

MS

A

Refer to GP but can treat.

102
Q

Multiple myeloma

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

103
Q

Muscle enzyme deficiency syndrome

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

104
Q

Muscle strain (limb)

A

Rest. Ok to treat.

105
Q

Muscle strain (lumbar)

A

Rest. Ok to treat.

106
Q

Myesthenia gravis

A

Refer but ok to treat.

107
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI) - Heart attack

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

108
Q

Neurogenic claudication

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat.

109
Q

Oesophageal tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

110
Q

Oral cancer

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

111
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

Refer to GP, but ok to treat.

112
Q

Oral ulcers

A

Refer to GP if recurrent or persistent.

113
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Refer to GP. Ok to treat but avoid inflamed area.

114
Q

Osteomalacia/Rickets

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed and controlled. Encourage sunlight if lacking or vit D supplement.

115
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Refer to GP urgently.

116
Q

Osteophitic Intercostal neuritis

A

Refer to GP but OK to treat

117
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed and risk areas known, then be gentle.

118
Q

Ovarian cyst

A

Refer to GP, but not emergency. OK to treat.

119
Q

Paget’s disease

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

120
Q

Pancreatic cancer (carcinoma)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed. Poor prognosis..

121
Q

Parasitic infection

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat while infectious

122
Q

Parietal lobe lesion

A

Emergency if undiagnosed. Call ambulance.

123
Q

Parkinsons

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat.

124
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease possibly related to STD (Chlamydia, gonorrhoea)

A

Refer to GP or sexual health clinic if not already tested for STDs. OK to treat.

125
Q

Peptic ulcer - gastric or duodenal

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

126
Q

Perforated ulcer

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

127
Q

Pericarditis (or myocarditis)

A

Refer to GP, but not emergency.

128
Q

Peripheral arterial disease

A

Refer to GP, but ok to treat.

129
Q

Piriformis syndrome

A

OK to treat.

130
Q

Pituitary tumour (Benign adenoma)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

131
Q

Pleurisy

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat while infectious

132
Q

Pneumonia

A

Emergency send to hospital.

133
Q

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A

Refer to GP, but not emergency.

134
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

OK to treat.

135
Q

Post herpetic neuralgia

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat.

136
Q

Postural syndrome

A

Chiropractic can help. Encourage improved posture.

137
Q

Primary bone tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

138
Q

Primary dysmenorrhoea

A

Ok to treat. Chiropractic may help.

139
Q

Primary Lung Tumours

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed. Poor prognosis. Treat anxiety and depression.

140
Q

Prolapsed intervertebral disc with radiculopathy (lumbar)

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat.

141
Q

Prostate cancer

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

142
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

143
Q

RA

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat area in flare up.

144
Q

Raised ICP

A

Emergency if due to trauma. Otherwise refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

145
Q

Referred visceral pain - Colon

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

146
Q

Referred visceral pain - Gall bladder

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

147
Q

Referred visceral pain - Heart (Angina, MI)

A

Emergency if MI. Refer to GP.

148
Q

Referred visceral pain - Kidneys

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

149
Q

Referred visceral pain - Liver or gall bladder

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

150
Q

Referred visceral pain - Lung or diaphragm

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

151
Q

Referred visceral pain - Small intestine or ovaries

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

152
Q

Referred visceral pain - Stomach

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

153
Q

Referred visceral pain - Urinary bladder

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

154
Q

Renal adenocarcinoma

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

155
Q

Rheumatic heart disease - acute rheumatic fever.

A

Emergency, send to GP.

156
Q

Reynauds phenomenon/disease - primary

A

Refer but ok to treat

157
Q

Reynauds phenomenon/disease - secondary

A

Refer

158
Q

Rib fracture

A

Send to A & E. Don’t treat.

159
Q

Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

160
Q

Ruptured appendix/ Peritonitis

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

161
Q

Ruptured ovarian cyst

A

Refer to GP. Not normally an emergency unless bleeding is very heavy.

162
Q

Sacroiliac syndrome

A

Ok to treat. Chiropractic may help.

163
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

Refer to GP. OK to treat. Spontaneous remission is possible

164
Q

Scheuermanns disease

A

Refer to GP but ok to treat

165
Q

Slipped rib

A

Ok to treat.

166
Q

Spinal tumour (Mets)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

167
Q

Spinal tumour (Primary)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

168
Q

Spontaneous pneumothorax

A

Emergency, call ambulance.

169
Q

Stable angina

A

Contact GP before chiropractic treatment. If not diagnosed send to A & E. Lifestyle advice - exercise stop smoking, lose weight.

170
Q

Stress fracture

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat affected area.

171
Q

Temporal Arteritis

A

Refer to GP.

172
Q

Tension headache

A

Chiropractic can help as can massage. Painkillers such as paracetamol or ibuprofen can relieve pain. Good posture can help to prevent.

173
Q

Testicular tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

174
Q

Thoracic aortic aneurism

A

Refer to GP.

175
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

Chiropractic - clavicle and 1st rib alignment. Massage. Stretches. May refer - depending on cause.

176
Q

Thyroid tumour

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

177
Q

Tietze’s syndrome

A

Should clear up without treatment. OK to treat but avoid ribs.

178
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Refer to GP. Can treat if not too uncomfortabe, avoiding face.

179
Q

Tuberculosis - milary

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

180
Q

Tuberculosis - primary

A

Refer to GP urgently. Don’t treat while infectious

181
Q

Unstable angina

A

Emergency, may be MI.

182
Q

Urinary calculi (renal colic) /Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones)/Obstructive nephropathy.

A

Refer to GP. Probably too painful to treat.

183
Q

Urinary tract infection (Lower UTI)

A

Normally passes within a few days. For recurrent cases: Drink 2L fluid per day. Completely empty bladder. Good personal hygiene. Empty bladder before sex. Cranberry juice. OK to treat.

184
Q

Urinary tract infection (Upper UTI)

A

Refer to GP

185
Q

Urothelial tumour (Bladder, ureteral, urethral or Kidney tumour)

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat until diagnosed.

186
Q

URTI - cold, pharyngitis, acute bronchitis

A

No treatment needed. Don’t treat while infectious.

187
Q

URTI - Influenza

A

No treatment needed. Don’t treat while infectious.

188
Q

URTI’s - Sinusitis

A

No treatment needed. Refer to GP if > 7 to 10 days. Don’t treat if could be infectious.

189
Q

Vascular claudication

A

Refer to GP.

190
Q

Venous hypertension

A

Refer to GP

191
Q

Viral hepatits

A

Refer to GP. Don’t treat while patient is infectious.

192
Q

Whiplash

A

Emergency if fracture or instability. Otherwise :NSAIDS. Ice. Heat. Neck strengthening exercises - scapular and deep flexor muscles. Stay active & early return to normal activity. Physical therapy including chiropractic & exercises to improve function & ROM. Address psychosocial issues & trauma distress.

193
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Can treat once diagnosed.

Patient Assessment (7 decks)

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