Conditions and tests Flashcards
(193 cards)
1
Q
Abdominal aortic aneurism
A
CV: May see visible pulsing. Bruits heard. Weak pulses in lower limbs. Pale lower limbs. Cap refil. Peripheral blood pressure low. Buergers test.
2
Q
Acoustic neuroma
A
Webers and Rinnes both positive. CN V, CN VIII.
3
Q
Acute calific tendonitis
A
Tender to touch. Restricted Shoulder ROM, due to pain.
4
Q
Acute cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis
A
Right hypochondrial tenderness. Rigidity worse on inspiration (Murphy’s sign). May find palpable gall bladder mass (30%). Absent bowel sounds due to gallstone ileus.
5
Q
Acute liver failure
A
Mental changes. Sweet musty odour on breath. Yellow skin colour. Fever. Low blood pressure. Spacticity.
6
Q
Acute pancreatitis
A
Epigastric tenderness. Absent bowel sounds due to paralytic ileus. Ascites. Pleural effusion. Discoloration of flanks (grey Turners sign) or periumbilical region (Cullen’s sign).
7
Q
Acute pyelonephritis
A
High grade fever. 39.5C. Costovertibral angle tenderness.
8
Q
Acute renal failure (ARF)
A
Repiratory rate increased due to acidosis. Pulmonary oedema found on percusion. Prerenal reversible: Low BP. Poor periphereral perfusion. Postural hypotension
9
Q
Adrenal disorders - Addison’s disease (hypoadrenalism)
A
Muscle weakness. Low BP. Orthostatic BP. Hyperpigmentation on skin creases and scars, knuckles and knees.
10
Q
Adrenal disorders - Cushing’s syndrome (hypercortisolism)
A
Reddish purple stretch marks on thighs, stomach, buttocks, arms legs or breasts. Round face. Muscle weakness
11
Q
Alchoholic liver disease (ALD)
A
Enlaged liver. Enlarged spleen. Portal hypertension: visible collateral vessels, ascites, variceal bleeding. Hepatic insufficiency: Yellow skin colour. Other: Digital clubbing. Dupyens contracture. Right pleural effusion. Peripheral oedema.
12
Q
Anaemia
A
Pale skin.
13
Q
Anaphalaxis
A
No specific tests
14
Q
Angina equivalent
A
BP high, tachycardic and gallop rhythm if in attack and shallow breathing. May be no signs if not in attack.
15
Q
Anxiety
A
BP & pulse rate may be high. Respiration fast and shallow.
16
Q
Aortic disection (thoracic)
A
Emergency. No time for tests.
17
Q
Appendicitis
A
Patient prefers flexed right hip or foetal position. Obturator/psoas sign. McBurneys sign. Rebound tenderness. Posible fever and flushed face.
18
Q
Arachnoiditis
A
SLR and braggards +ve. Kernigs sign.
19
Q
Arrhythmia
A
Regularly irregular pulse and heart rythmn - pattern with skipped beats. Irregularly regular - no pattern. Can be atrial fibrillation (AF - irregular and fast), supraventricualr tachycardia (episodes of fast beating at rest), bradycardia (slow). May hear abnormal sounds if there is a structural anomaly. For AF juggular pulse may be visible.
20
Q
AS
A
Reduced ROM in low back. Possible CV signs
21
Q
Asthma
A
Percussion may show greater ares of hyperresonance. Wheezes and crackles on respiratory auscultation.
22
Q
Atherosclerosis
A
Possible high blood pressure.
23
Q
Autoimmune hepatitis
A
Possible fever. Signs of dhronic liver disease ( Cushingoid face with acne, hirsuitism, pink cutaneous striae on thighs and abdomen).
24
Q
Benign Positional Vertigo.
A
Hallpike manouvre positive. Fitz ritson - moving body without head does not provoke dizziness.
25
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Possible distended bladder. If painful then emergency.
26
Bornholm disease /epidemic myalgia/coxsackie viral infection)
Fever
27
Brain stem or cerebellar tumour
CN signs. Nystagmus changes in different fields of gaze, lasts for > 1m and does not fatigue. Depression of corneal reflex (cerebellopontine angle). Cerebellar signs - Standing and walking: Veering, poor balance, intention tremor, ataxia. Tandem walk: veering. Rebound: excessive swinging. Finger to Nose: tremor or dysmetria. Rapid alternating hand: dysdiadochokinesia. Heel down shin: Lack of co-ordination.
28
Brain tumour
Progressive neurological signs.
29
Bronchiectasis
Course crackles in chest. Diminished breath sounds.
30
Carcinoid bowel tumour/carcinoid syndrome
No specific tests
31
Cervical facet syndrome
Aggrivated by extention, relieved by flexion. Max forminal compression positive with or without radicular symptoms. Distraction helps.
32
Cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy
Tenderness over Cx affected. Pain worse on extension, lat flex or rotation. Pain better with flexion. Bakody sign positive.
33
Cervical stenosis/Cervical myelopathy
Pain worse with extention, lat flex and rotation. Better with flexion. UMN signs below lesion. LMN at leesion level. Babinski.
34
Cervicogenic headache
Reduced ROM in neck. Neck movement makes headache worse.
35
Cholelithiasis/chronic cholecystitis
Right hypochondrial tenderness. Murphy's sign. May find palpable gall bladder mass.
36
Chronic kidney disease (CKD)/ Glomerolunephritis
May have high BP as a cause. At end stage may present like acute renal failure. (Repiratory rate increased due to acidosis. Pulmonary oedema found on percusion. Low BP. Poor periphereral perfusion. Postural hypotension) Small kidneys.
37
Chronic liver failure
Nuerological signs. Changes to conciousness. Conulsions. Hyperrefexia
38
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Breath sounds quiet. Crackles and wheeze heard on auscultation. Larger area of resonance on percussion.
39
Chronic pancreatitis
Thin and malnousished looking. Skin pigmentation from using hot water bottle on abdomen and back. Epigastric tenderness.
40
Chronic pyelonephritis
Small kidneys. High grade fever. 39.5C. Costovertibral angle tenderness.
41
Cirrhosis of the liver
Enlaged liver. Enlarged spleen. Portal hypertension: visible collateral vessels, ascites, variceal bleeding. Hepatic insufficiency: Yellow skin colour. Other: Digital clubbing. Dupyens contracture. Right pleural effusion. Peripheral oedema.
42
Cluster headache
No specific tests
43
Coeliac disease
No specific tests
44
Colorectal cancer
No specific tests
45
Compartment syndrome
Sensory loss in compartment area. Peripheral pulse weak beyond area.
46
Costochondritis
Tenderness around ribs
47
Cranial nerve lesion
CN Tests positive.
48
Cystic fibrosis
Course crackles in chest. Diminished breath sounds. Possible hepatomegaly, murphys sign. Lack of bowel sounds.
49
Dehydration headache
No specific tests.
50
Dementia
Doesnt know time, day, date, place. Cannot name everyday objects. Cannot follow verbal instructions. Difficulty writing. Difficulty speaking, articualtion, fluency, vocabulary.
51
Diabetes mellitis
Stocking distribution neuropathy. Poor vibration sense. Poor peripheral perfusion. Muscle wasting and weakness. Cognitive deficit.
52
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Smell of pear drops. Tachycardia.
53
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).
Lack of ROM in flexion and extension.
54
Dorsal column lesion.
Tandem walk: Patient veers to the side. Rhombergs positive. Vibration sense: Impaired. Proprioception, limb repositioning and touch localisation tests positive. Graphesthesia.
55
Drug related headache
No specific tests
56
DVT
Unequal BP in legs. Homan's sign. Weak pulse in leg. Cap refil.
57
Ectopic pregnancy
Palpable abdominal mass in lower abdomen.
58
Eczema
Observe.
59
Endometriosis
No specific tests
60
Facet syndrome (Lumbar)
Aggrivated by extention, relieved by flexion. Kemps positive but not radicular.
61
Fibromyalgia
No specific tests.
62
Frozen shoulder/Adhesive capsulitis
Symptoms on both active and passive movement. No passive ext rotation in frozen phase. Decreased abduction. Pain on A to P movement. Appley scratch +ve.
63
Gastric carcinoma
Signs of tumour spread to supraclavicular lymph nodes (Troisiers sign), Umbilicus (Sister Josephs nodule), Ovaries (Kruckenberg tumour) Acanthosis nigricans. Thrombophlebitis (Trousseau's sign).
64
Gastritis
No specific tests
65
Gastrooesophageal reflux disease
No specific tests
66
Gilberts syndrome
No specific tests
67
Graves' disease - (overactive thyroid)
Muscle weakness.Enlarged thyroid gland. Irregular heat rate, palpitations, tremor, warm moist skin, red palms, loose nails, hives, patchy hair loss, twitching in face or limbs.
68
Haemophillia
If any neuro signs treat as emergency.
69
Haemorrage - Cerebellar
Cerebellar tests.
70
Haemorrage - Intracerebral
High BP. Various and widespread neuro signs.
71
Haemorrage - Subarachnoid
Positive Kernigs sign.
72
Haemorrage - Subdural and extradural
Various neurological signs including sensory loss and hemiparesis.
73
Haemorrhoids (Piles)
No specific tests
74
Haemothorax
Pleral effusion. Asymmetric rib expansion. Decreased femitus. Dull sound on repiratory percussion.
75
Hashimoto's thyroiditis or other hypothyroidism
Muscle weakness. Later signs: Puffy face, tachycardia, low hoarse voice, thin eyebrows, hearing loss. Anaemia.
76
Heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) - acute
High BP or low BP if in cardiogenic shock. JVP elevated. Murmer and triple gallop ryythm. Basal crepitations. Pulmonary oedema.
77
Heart failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) - chronic
Low BP. Raised JVP. Peripheral oedema. Acites or pleural effusion.
78
Hepatic encephalopathy
Diverse neuro signs may be present affecting brain function.
79
Hepatic tumour - Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Hepatomegaly. Right hypochondrial mass. Abdominal bruit.
80
Herpes Zoster (Shingles)
No specific tests
81
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) or Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)
Lymph nodes will be enlarged but not swollen (this would be infection). Fever.
82
Horner's syndrome
No specific tests
83
Hypertention
Blood pressure: Optimal under 120/80. Normal under 130/85. High-normal under 140/90. Hypertension from 140/90: grade 1 (mild) under 160/100, grade 2 (moderate) under 180/110. Grade 3 (severe)over.
84
Hyperventilation syndrome
Pulse and BH high. Fast shallow breathing
85
Hypothalamic/Pituitary - Acromegaly
Abnormaly large hands and feet, large prominent facial features. Abnormally tall , thick course oily skin, enlarged tongue. Protruding jaw and brow. Impaired vision.
86
IBD - crohn's disease
Tenderness and mass in right iliac fossa. Low grade fever. Enlarged liver.
87
IBD - ulcerative colitis
Mild tenderness in left iliac fossa. Fever. Enlarged liver
88
Infectious mononucleosis
Fever.
89
Infective endocarditis
Fever. Heart murmers.Petechiae or rash. Digital clubbing or splinter heamorrhage in nails. Oslers nodes - painful red raised lesions on hands and feet.
90
Infective/Septic arthritis
No specific tests
91
Intercostal muscle injury/strain
Pain on active > passive movement.
92
Irritable bowel syndrome
No specific tests. May hear altered bowel sounds.
93
Labrithitis
Possible nystagmus. Balance problems.
94
Leukemia
Pale skin. Possible swollen spleen and lymph nodes. Fever
95
Mallory - Weiss syndrome
No specific tests
96
Meniere's disease
Nystagmus during attacks. No specific tests.
97
Migraine
Possible transient neurological signs and symptoms.
98
Mitelschmertz
No specific tests
99
Mitral valve prolapse
CV exam: Check for mitral regurgitation.
100
Motor Neuron Disease
Toe drop. Heel drop. Weak muscles. Spacticity or flaccidity. Any neuro signs.
101
MS
Pursuit and Vergence: Nystagmus. Any other Neurological symptoms. Intention tremor. Ataxia. Spacticity.
102
Multiple myeloma
No specific tests. Possible renal signs.Fever.
103
Muscle enzyme deficiency syndrome
No specific tests
104
Muscle strain (limb)
Pain on active > passive movement.
105
Muscle strain (lumbar)
Pain on active > passive movement.
106
Myesthenia gravis
Pursuit and vergence positive. Weak muscles.
107
Myocardial Infaction (MI) - Heart attack
Carotid bruits may be heard. Gallop rythm (4 heart sounds).High or low BP. Tachycardia, bradycardia or irregualr heartbeat. Shallow breathing.
108
Neurogenic claudication
Valsalvas, SLR 30 to 60, Kemps iindicate nerve root involvement. No vascualr signs.
109
Oesophageal tumour
No specific tests
110
Oral cancer
No specific tests
111
Oral candidiasis
Observe tongue - white and furry.
112
Oral ulcers
Observe in mouth. Sore patch will have grey/white centre and red halo.
113
Osteoarthritis
Crepitus in joint when moving. Reduced ROM. Restriction. Scouring test for hip. Joint deformity.
114
Osteomalacia/Rickets
Check for fracture - tuning fork. Observe Waddling gait, diminished stature, bent bones.
115
Osteomyelitis
Fever. Restricted ROM. Very tender in affected area. Possible lump on the bone.
116
Osteophitic Intercostal neuritis
No specific tests
117
Osteoporosis
None
118
Ovarian cyst
May be palpable in lower abdomen.
119
Paget's disease
Reduced ROM. Any of kemps, SLR, valsalvas. Other neuro signs.
120
Pancreatic cancer (carcinoma)
Palpable gall bladder, hepatomegaly. Pancreatic tumour mass, sister josephs nodule. Erythema on stomach.
121
Parasitic infection
No specific tests
122
Parietal lobe lesion
Steriognosis. Graphesthesia. Sensory neglect. Sensory defeciency. Proprioception, limb repositioning and touch localisation tests positive. Tandem walk: Patient veers to the side. Rhombergs positive.
123
Parkinsons
Standing and walking: Shuffling gait, resting tremor. Motor function: Cogwheel rigidity. CN I: Anosmia.
124
Pelvic inflamatory disease possibly related to STD (Chlamydia, gonorrhoea)
Obturator sign
125
Peptic ulcer - gastric or duodenal
Possible reduced bowel sounds if obstruction.
126
Perforated ulcer
Low BP. Tachycardia.
127
Pericarditis (or myocarditis)
Low grade fever.
128
Peripheral artierial disease
Difference in BP between arm and ankle. Capillary refil.
129
Piriformis syndrome
Piriformis test. SLR pain at > 35 degrees.
130
Pituitary tumour (Benign adenoma)
Visual field defects.
131
Pleurisy
Pain on rib expansion. Fever.
132
Pneumonia
High fever. Low blood pressure. High heart rate. Reduce rib movement on breathing. Dullness on repiratory percussion. Wheezing on auscutation. Egophany sounds like "ay". Whispered petriloquy can be heard.
133
Polycystic ovary syndrome
No specific tests
134
Polymyalgia rheumatica
No muscle tenderness or atrophy. No vascular signs.
135
Post herpetic nueralgia
No speific tests
136
Postural syndrome
Muscles tight on palpation. Observe posture.
137
Primary bone tumour
No specific tests
138
Primary dysmenorrhoea
No specific tests
139
Primary Lung Tumours
Supraclavicular lymph nodes may be palpably enlarged. Rib expansion aysymatric. Tactile fremitus decreased or absent.
140
Prolapsed intervertabral disc with radiculopathy (lumbar)
Kemps, Valsalvas, SLR at 30 to 70 egrees.
141
Prostate cancer
No specific tests for chiropractor.
142
Pulmonary embolism
Tachypnoea. Tachycardia. Hypotension. Raised JVP/ Right ventricular gallop rythmm. Loud P2 (separate sound of p valve closing, splitting S2 (second heart sound).
143
RA
Possible fever. Joints tender to touch.
144
Raised ICP
CN III or VI signs.
145
Referred viceral pain - Colon
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for abdominal signs
146
Referred viceral pain - Gall bladder
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for abdominal signs. Murphy's sign
147
Referred viceral pain - Heart (Angina, MI)
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for CV signs.
148
Referred viceral pain - Kidneys
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for abdominal signs. Costovertebral angle tenderness.
149
Referred viceral pain - Liver or gall bladder
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for Abdominal signs
150
Referred viceral pain - Lung or diaphram
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for respiratory signs.
151
Referred viceral pain - Small intestine or ovaries
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for abdominal signs
152
Referred viceral pain - Stomach
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for Abdominal signs
153
Referred viceral pain - Urinary bladder
Negative for neuro signs. May be positive for abdominal signs
154
Renal adenocarcinoma
Enlarged kidney found on ballotment. Possibe high or low BP. Fever. Costovertebral angle tenderness.
155
Reumatic heart disease - acute rheumatic fever.
Heart murmur. Fever.
156
Reynauds phenomenum/disease - primary
None
157
Reynauds phenomenum/disease - secondary
Check for thoracic outlet obstruction (e.g. cervical rib).
158
Rib fracture
Tuning fork.
159
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
Low BP. Pulsatile abdominal mass.
160
Ruptured appendix/ Peritonitis
Fever. Tachycardia. Radid brathing. Swelling of the abdomen. Rebound tenderness.
161
Ruptured ovarian cyst
No specific tests.
162
Sacroiliac syndrome
Adams supported, goldthwaites, gaenslens, iliac compression, yeomans positive.
163
Sarcoidosis
Hepatomegaly. Lymphadenopathy. Cardiac arrythmia, heart block. Splenomegaly, renal stones, , erythema nodosum. Peripheral neuropathy.
164
Scheuermanns disease
Observed deformity.
165
Slipped rib
Palpation of lower rib tips or hooking fingers under and lifting anterior and superior.
166
Spinal tumour (Mets)
Possible signs of primary cancer - breast, lung, kidney.
167
Spinal tumour (Primary)
Fever. Severe pain on manipulation.
168
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Possible tachycardia, hypotension and cyanosis. Absent breath sounds, resonant percussion, tactile fremitus quiet or absent.
169
Stable angina
CV exam may be normal if not in an attack.. Carotid bruits may be heard. Gallop rythm (4 heart sounds) if in an attack.
170
Stress fracture
Tuning fork.
171
Temporal Arteritis
Temple is tender to touch. Mild fever.
172
Tension headache
No specific tests.
173
Testicular tumour
No specific tests for chiropractor.
174
Thoracic aortic aneurism
May be none.
175
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Tenderness over TOS area. Reduced ROM. Muscle weakness, depressed DT reflexes. Roos. Adsons/Halsteads (Ant/middle Scalenes), Wrights(Pec minor), Costoclavicular (rib or costoclavicualr syndrom ). May have weak peripheral pulse or poor cap refil.
176
Thyroid tumour
Lump or swelling in the neck.
177
Tietze's syndrome
Tenderness and swelling 2nd/3rd costocondral joints around ribs
178
Trigeminal neuralgia
Face hypersensitive to touch. Possible sensory deficit for CN V.
179
Tuberculosis - milary
Hepatosplenomegaly. Crackles on repiratory auscutation. Possible neuro signs. Anaemia.
180
Tuberculosis - primary
High fever. Reduce rib movement on breathing. Dullness on repiratory percussion. Wheezing on auscutation. Egophany sounds like "ay". Whispered petriloquy can be heard.
181
Unstable angina
CV exam may be normal if not in an attack.. Carotid bruits may be heard. Gallop rythm (4 heart sounds) if in an attack.
182
Urinary calculi (renal colic) /Nephrolithiasis (Kidney stones)/Obstructive nephropathy.
Costovertebral angle tenderness.
183
Urinary tract infection (Lower UTI)
No specific tests
184
Urinary tract infection (Upper UTI)
Fever of 38 or above.
185
Urothelial tumour (Bladder, ureteral, urethral or Kidney tumour)
No specific tests. Physical examination usually unremarkable unless in advanced stage.
186
URTI - cold, pharyngitis, acute bronchitis
Respiratory wheezing. Fever
187
URTI - Influenza
Fever.
188
URTI's - Sinusitis
Fever
189
Vascular claudication
BP less in legs. Weak pulse in leg. Cap refil.
190
Venous hypertension
Possible change to BP?
191
Viral hepatits
Liver tender to palpate put minimal enlargement. Mild splenomegaly. Cervical lymphadenopathy
192
Whiplash
Reduced ROM in neck. Quabec taskforce gradings: 0. No symptoms. 1. Symptoms but no signs. 2. Decreased ROM. 3. Neuro signs. 4 Fracture or dislocation. Eliminate fracture or dislocation from diagnosis - Percussion. Vibration. Rusts sign & Bakodys sign should be -ve if no fracture or dislocation.
193
Wilson's disease
Liver signs. Ataxia, parkinsonism - tremor, bradykinesia and balance disorder, dystonia, dememtia. Copper rings in eyes (Kayser-Fleisher rings). Possible heart and kidney signs.
