Travellers Medicine Flashcards
Howz malaria protection provided?
Oral meds
Started PRIOR to travel
Which vaccine is req by Saudi Arabia?
Meningococcal vaccine (during Hajj and Umrah pilgrimages)
Which vaccine is req for travel to certain parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and South America?
Yellow fever vaccine
Which other region may one consider the Meningococcal vaccine for?
Meningitis belt of Africa
How long after meningococcal vaccine is req for dev of protective antibody levels?
Aprrox 7-10 days
What are insects that transmit dx called?
Vectors (Meningococcal is one of those dx that isn’t transmitted via a vector)
What’s a reservoir?
Is any place (such as an animal, insect, soil or plant) in which the dx lives and can multiply
Which dx do mosquitoes carry?
Japanese encephalitis
Yellow fever
Dengue
Malaria
What’s the primary method of eliminating malaria (other than vaccines)?
Eliminate places where the mosquito lays eggs
Mosquito repellents contain what?
20 to 30% DEET
Permethrin
What’s dengue? Vaccine? Sx? Prevention?
Transmitted by mosquitoes
No vaccine
Dengue hemorrhagic fever + Dengue shock
Protection from mosquito bites is essential
What causes yellow fever?
Caused by a virus found in tropical + subtropical areas in South
America + Africa
What can’t be used in yellow fever infection? Why not?
Aspirin, Other NSAIDs
Due to risk of bleeding
CI to yellow fever vaccine?
Infants < 6 months
Pts with hypersensitivity to eggs or Gelatin
Thymus disorder/ Myasthenia gravis
Immunosuppresion (cuz its a LIVE vaccine)
Pregnant or less than 4 wks post-partum
Howz malaria transmitted?
Infected Anopheles mosquito
Which species of anopheles mosquito causes 65% of malaria cases in India + is becoming more resistant to malaria drugs?
P.vivax
Which species of anopheles mosquito is the most deadly species and is the subject of concurrently conditions?
P.falciparum
Factors to consider when choosing prophylactic anti-malarial drug?
Resistance
Date of departure
Brand name of Mefloquine? Resistance?
Larium
There’s a high degree of resistance
Main types of Mefloquine (Larium) SE?
Neuropsychiatric effects - anxiety, paranoia, depression, hallucinations and psychosis
Neurologic sx - seizures, dizziness, or vertigo, tinnitus and loss of balance (cold be permanent)
Brand name of Atovaquone/Proquanil? Howz it used?
Malariae
1-2 days before travel
Howz chloroquine used?
Dosed once weekly
What’s Primaquine effective for?
P.vivax
What’s req prior to Primaquine use?
Screening for G6PD deficiency prior to initiating tx with primaquine
Howz typhoid fever spread?
Through contaminated food or water
Sexual contact, esp with MSM, but rare
Where’s risk of contagion highest?
Travelers to Southern Asia
Others include: East and Southeast Asia Africa The Caribbean Central and South America
What should still be followed by travelers vaccinated with yellow fever?
Follow safe food and water precautions and wash hands freq
Which of the oral vaccine for yellow fever? Howz it taken?
Vivotif Berna… Consists of 4 capsules, (1 taken every other day)
Howz Vivotif Berna (oral yellow fever vaccine) stored? Taken?
Refrigerated
Taken with cool liquid (not warm), 1 hr b4 meal
Complete 1 wk before travel
What’s the other vaccine for yellow fever? Howz it taken?
0.5mL dose guceb IM >= 2 wks before expected exposure
What’s the primary prophylactic med for Motion sickness, ?Altitude sickness, Jet lag?
Acetazolamide (Diamox Sequels) 125mg twice daily
When’s Acetazolamide CI?
With sulfa allergy
Where can Traveller’s find info about travel insurance etc?
Yellow book
