Travelers Flashcards
When is dysentary classified?
When there is blood mixed in the stool
Primary pathogen for travelers diarrhea?
E. Coli
Prophylaxis for TD?
Bismuth
Pepto
Pts at high risk for TD can be given Abx prophylaxis
What is the DOC?
Rifaximin
Quinolones if low resistance
Tx for Mild, Mod, Severe TD
Mild TD: Loperamide
Mode: Loperamide +/- Abx
Severe Including Dysentary, Azithromycin 1,000 mg x 1 dose +/- loperamide
Travel Vaccines
Inactive 7
- Hep A (Havrix, VAQTA)
- Hep B (engerix-B recombinant HB)
- Hep A/B (Twintrix)
- Japanese enceph (Ixiaro)
- Mengingococcus (Menveo, Menactra)
- Polio (IPOL)
- Typhoid IM (Typhim Vi)
Travel vaccines Active 3
- Cholera-PO (Vaxchora)
- Typhoid-PO (Vivotif)
- Tellow fever SC (YF-VAX)
What pathogen is typhoid fever caused by?
How is it spread?
Salmonella typhi
Water or food contaminated by human feces or from a chronic asymptomatic carrier
When should both forms of the typhoid vaccine be given?
1 wk for oral
2 wks for IM
How is Hep B transmitted?
Blood or bodily fluids
How long does the 3 dose hep be series take to complete?
6 months
How is mengingitis spread
Respiratory secretions
What do mosquitos transmit? 5 things
- Malaria
- Japanese encephalitis
- Yellow fever
- dengue
- Zika
How should permethrin be used?
On clothing and gear dont apply to skin
Malaria drug side effects?
Nausea is big
What 3 drugs are recommended if you are traveling soon and when should they be given?
Which ones are used in pregnancy?
- 1-2 days prior to travel
- Malarone (Atovaquone/Proguanil) Not used in severe renal impairment
- Vibramycin, Doryx (Doxycycline) also not used in children under 8
- Primaquine (not used in G6DP Deficiency)
- None are used in pregnancy
How are the quick start malaria drugs taken?
Daily otal
When should chloroquine be started? Stopped?
Weekly regimen that should be started 1-2 wks prior to travel and stopped 4 wks after
THe advanced start regimens are safe in pregnancy
What side effects does chloroquine have? 2 bigs ones
Retinal toxicity
Visual changes
Mefloquine (Lariam)
Not used in? 3
- Pts with underlying psych conditions
- Seizures
- Arrythmias
What is the vaccine for Japanese Encephalitis?
Ixiaro
The yellow fever vaccine YF-VAX is contraindicated in what?
Pts with hypersensitivity to eggs
What is the primary prophylactic treatment for altitude sickness?
What is a contraindication?
Acetazolamide
125 mg BID
Preferred start the day before
Contraindicated in pts with sulfa allergy
