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NAPLEX!!!!! > Travelers > Flashcards

Travelers Flashcards

1
Q

Most cases of traveler’s diarrhea are caused by

A

bacterial - E.coli

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2
Q

Most cases of traveler’s diarrhea are caused by

A

bacterial - E.coli

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3
Q

Areas of highest risk for traveler’s diarrhea

A

Asia, middle east, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America

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4
Q

Loperamide should be avoided in this age group and why

A
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5
Q

Who should not take pepto bismol

A

anticoagulants, salicylate allergy, renal insufficiency, children

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6
Q

Treatment of traveler’s diarrhea

A

hydration, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, quinolone. untreated lasts 3-7 days

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7
Q

high risk areas for contracting typhoid fever

A

east and southeast asia, africa, caribbean, central and south america

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8
Q

how is traveler’s diarrhea transmitted

A

unclean food/water

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9
Q

how is typhoid fever transmitted

A

consumption of food or water contaminated with feces

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10
Q

incubation of typhoid

A

6-30 days

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11
Q

Symptoms of typhoid fever

A

fatigue, malaise, fever, earache, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal hemorrhage/perforation

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12
Q

Who is at highest risk for contracting hepatitis A

A

those traveling from developed countries to developing countries

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13
Q

hepatitis A transmission

A

ingestion of fecal matter

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14
Q

Symptoms of hepatitis A

A

fever, malaise, jaundice, nausea, abdominal discomfort (can last 7 weeks)

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15
Q

hepatitis B transmission

A

contaminated blood or bodily fluids

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16
Q

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel

A

planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care

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17
Q

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel

A

planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care

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18
Q

Areas of highest risk for traveler’s diarrhea

A

Asia, middle east, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America

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19
Q

Loperamide should be avoided in this age group and why

A
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20
Q

Who should not take pepto bismol

A

anticoagulants, salicylate allergy, renal insufficiency, children

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21
Q

Treatment of traveler’s diarrhea

A

hydration, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, quinolone. untreated lasts 3-7 days

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22
Q

high risk areas for contracting typhoid fever

A

east and southeast asia, africa, caribbean, central and south america

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23
Q

how is traveler’s diarrhea transmitted

A

unclean food/water

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24
Q

how is typhoid fever transmitted

A

consumption of food or water contaminated with feces

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25
Q

incubation of typhoid

A

6-30 days

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26
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil advantages

A

well tolerated, started right before travel, short treatment

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27
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil disadvantages

A

daily dosing, not used in pregnancy, cost

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28
Q

hepatitis A transmission

A

ingestion of fecal matter

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29
Q

Symptoms of hepatitis A

A

fever, malaise, jaundice, nausea, abdominal discomfort (can last 7 weeks)

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30
Q

hepatitis B transmission

A

contaminated blood or bodily fluids

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31
Q

Hepatitis B incubation period

A

90 days

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32
Q

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel

A

planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care

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33
Q

insect repellents for mosquitos

A

DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon, eucalyptus, IR3535, permethrin (clothing only, not skin)

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34
Q

Where is malaria endemic

A

asia, latin america, north africa, eastern europe, and the south pacific

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35
Q

Which type of malaria causes up to 65% of cases in India and is becoming MDR

A

P. vivax

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36
Q

Which is the most deadly type of malaria

A

P. falciparum

37
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil brand name

38
Q

Chloroquine brand name

39
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil dosing

A

250/100 mg PO QD with food or milk starting 1-2 days before travel and stopping 7 days after travel

40
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil contraindications

41
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil side effects

A

abdominal pain, nausea, headache, increase LFTs

42
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil advantages

A

well tolerated, started right before travel, short treatment

43
Q

Atovaquone/Proquanil disadvantages

A

daily dosing, not used in pregnancy, cost

44
Q

Mefloquine brand name

45
Q

Who should chloroquine be avoided in

A

G6PD+ and quinine hypersensitivity

46
Q

Mefloquine advantages

A

once weekly dosing, can be used in pregnancy

47
Q

Primaquine advantages

A

short treatment, start right before travel (if G6PD ruled out)

48
Q

Mefloquine dosing

A

250 mg PO weekly with food and water starting 2-3 weeks pre travel and stopping 4 weeks after travel

49
Q

Mefloquine boxed warning

A

Neuropsychiatric effects

50
Q

Mefloquine warnings

A

arrhythmias, QT prolongation agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia, caution with liver impairment

51
Q

Mefloquine contraindications

A

seizure history

52
Q

Mefloquine side effects

A

Chills, dizziness, fatigue, nausea

53
Q

Mefloquine monitoring

A

Psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, depression, hallucinations, Neurologic symptoms: dizziness, tinnitus, loss of balance, seizures

54
Q

Chloroquine brand name

55
Q

Chloroquine advantages

A

once weekly dosing, long trip itineraries, may take for RA, used in pregnancy

56
Q

Chloroquine disadvantages

A

long treatment, start 1-2 weeks prior to travel

57
Q

Chloroquine dosing

A

500 mg PO weekly with food starting 1-2 weeks pre- travle and 4 weeks post travel. CrCl

58
Q

Chloroquine warnings

A

Retinopathy, macular defeneration, arrhythmias, QT prolongation, Skeletal muscle myopathy/weakness, extrapyramidal reactions, hematological effects

59
Q

Doxycycline side effects

A

Nausea, photosensitivity

60
Q

Chloroquine monitoring

A

CBC (long term use), seizures, hepatic damage, auditory damage, blood disorders

61
Q

Who should chloroquine be avoided in

A

G6PD+ and quinine hypersensitivity

62
Q

Primaquine treats which strains of malaria

A

P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum

63
Q

Primaquine advantages

A

short treatment, start right before travel (if G6PD ruled out)

64
Q

Primaquine disadvantages

A

Daily dosing, not used in pregnancy

65
Q

Primaquine dosing

A

30 mg QD. take with food to decrease nausea starting 1 day prior to travel, stop 7 days post travel. MUST RULE OUT G6PD PRIOR TO START!!!!

66
Q

Primaquine contraindications

A

concurrent drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia or bone marrow suppression/agranulocytosis, current or recent use of quinacrine, acute illness

67
Q

Primaquine warnings

A

hemolytic anemia, arrhythmias, QT prolongation

68
Q

Primaquine side effects

69
Q

Doxycycline brand name

A

Vibramycin

70
Q

Doxycycline treats which strains of malaria

A

P. falciparum (including chloroquine resistant areas)

71
Q

Doxycycline advantages for treating malaria

A

long trip itineraries, last minute travelers, inexpensive, may take for acne

72
Q

Doxycycline disadvantages for treating malaria

A

long treatment, side effects, not used in pregnancy

73
Q

Doxycycline dosing for malaria

A

100 mg QD. take with food to decrease nausea. start 1-2 days prior to travel stop 4 weeks after travel

74
Q

doxycycline contraindications

A

pregnancy, children

75
Q

Doxycycline side effects

A

Nausea, photosensitivity

76
Q

Best prevention of japanese encephalitis

A

reduce exposure to mosquitos

77
Q

japanese encephalitis s/s

A

encephalits, rigors, risk of seizures, coma, death

78
Q

yellow fever s/s

A

influenza like but may progress to shock and organ failure

79
Q

Treatment of yellow fever

A

fluids, analgesics, and antipyretics (NOT NSAIDS/ASA DUE TO RISK OF BLEEDING)

80
Q

yellow fever vaccine contraindications

A

hypersensitivity to eggs, egg products, chicken proteins, gelatin, thymus disorder, myasthenia gravis, immunosuppression

81
Q

five countries that remain endemic with polio

A

afghanistan, nigeria, cameroon, somalia, and pakistan

82
Q

Acute mountain sickness s/s

A

dizziness, headache, tachycardia, and SOB

83
Q

acute mountain sickness prophylaxis medication

A

acetazolamide

84
Q

acetazolamide brand name

85
Q

acetazolamide dosing for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis

A

125 mg BID starting the day before or day of ascent

86
Q

acetazolamide side effects

A

polyuria, taste alteration, risk of dehydration, photosensitivity, urticaria, risk of severe skin rash,

87
Q

acetazolamide contraindications

A

sulfa allergy

88
Q

treatment of acute mountain sickness

A

acetazolamide, oxygen, inhaled beta agonists, dexamethasone

NAPLEX!!!!! (8 decks)

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