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NAPLEX!!!!! > Travelers > Flashcards

Travelers Flashcards

1
Q

Most cases of traveler’s diarrhea are caused by

A

bacterial - E.coli

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2
Q

Most cases of traveler’s diarrhea are caused by

A

bacterial - E.coli

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3
Q

Areas of highest risk for traveler’s diarrhea

A

Asia, middle east, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America

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4
Q

Loperamide should be avoided in this age group and why

A
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5
Q

Who should not take pepto bismol

A

anticoagulants, salicylate allergy, renal insufficiency, children

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6
Q

Treatment of traveler’s diarrhea

A

hydration, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, quinolone. untreated lasts 3-7 days

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7
Q

high risk areas for contracting typhoid fever

A

east and southeast asia, africa, caribbean, central and south america

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8
Q

how is traveler’s diarrhea transmitted

A

unclean food/water

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9
Q

how is typhoid fever transmitted

A

consumption of food or water contaminated with feces

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10
Q

incubation of typhoid

A

6-30 days

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11
Q

Symptoms of typhoid fever

A

fatigue, malaise, fever, earache, anorexia, hepatosplenomegaly, intestinal hemorrhage/perforation

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12
Q

Who is at highest risk for contracting hepatitis A

A

those traveling from developed countries to developing countries

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13
Q

hepatitis A transmission

A

ingestion of fecal matter

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14
Q

Symptoms of hepatitis A

A

fever, malaise, jaundice, nausea, abdominal discomfort (can last 7 weeks)

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15
Q

hepatitis B transmission

A

contaminated blood or bodily fluids

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16
Q

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel

A

planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care

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17
Q

Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel

A

planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care

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18
Q

Areas of highest risk for traveler’s diarrhea

A

Asia, middle east, Africa, Mexico, Central and South America

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19
Q

Loperamide should be avoided in this age group and why

A
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20
Q

Who should not take pepto bismol

A

anticoagulants, salicylate allergy, renal insufficiency, children

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21
Q

Treatment of traveler’s diarrhea

A

hydration, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, quinolone. untreated lasts 3-7 days

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22
Q

high risk areas for contracting typhoid fever

A

east and southeast asia, africa, caribbean, central and south america

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23
Q

how is traveler’s diarrhea transmitted

A

unclean food/water

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24
Q

how is typhoid fever transmitted

A

consumption of food or water contaminated with feces

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25
incubation of typhoid
6-30 days
26
Atovaquone/Proquanil advantages
well tolerated, started right before travel, short treatment
27
Atovaquone/Proquanil disadvantages
daily dosing, not used in pregnancy, cost
28
hepatitis A transmission
ingestion of fecal matter
29
Symptoms of hepatitis A
fever, malaise, jaundice, nausea, abdominal discomfort (can last 7 weeks)
30
hepatitis B transmission
contaminated blood or bodily fluids
31
Hepatitis B incubation period
90 days
32
Who should get hepatitis B vaccine prior to travel
planning to have sex with new partners, receiving medical care, providing medical care
33
insect repellents for mosquitos
DEET, picaridin, oil of lemon, eucalyptus, IR3535, permethrin (clothing only, not skin)
34
Where is malaria endemic
asia, latin america, north africa, eastern europe, and the south pacific
35
Which type of malaria causes up to 65% of cases in India and is becoming MDR
P. vivax
36
Which is the most deadly type of malaria
P. falciparum
37
Atovaquone/Proquanil brand name
Malarone
38
Chloroquine brand name
Aralen
39
Atovaquone/Proquanil dosing
250/100 mg PO QD with food or milk starting 1-2 days before travel and stopping 7 days after travel
40
Atovaquone/Proquanil contraindications
CrCl
41
Atovaquone/Proquanil side effects
abdominal pain, nausea, headache, increase LFTs
42
Atovaquone/Proquanil advantages
well tolerated, started right before travel, short treatment
43
Atovaquone/Proquanil disadvantages
daily dosing, not used in pregnancy, cost
44
Mefloquine brand name
Lariam
45
Who should chloroquine be avoided in
G6PD+ and quinine hypersensitivity
46
Mefloquine advantages
once weekly dosing, can be used in pregnancy
47
Primaquine advantages
short treatment, start right before travel (if G6PD ruled out)
48
Mefloquine dosing
250 mg PO weekly with food and water starting 2-3 weeks pre travel and stopping 4 weeks after travel
49
Mefloquine boxed warning
Neuropsychiatric effects
50
Mefloquine warnings
arrhythmias, QT prolongation agranulocytosis/aplastic anemia, caution with liver impairment
51
Mefloquine contraindications
seizure history
52
Mefloquine side effects
Chills, dizziness, fatigue, nausea
53
Mefloquine monitoring
Psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, depression, hallucinations, Neurologic symptoms: dizziness, tinnitus, loss of balance, seizures
54
Chloroquine brand name
Aralen
55
Chloroquine advantages
once weekly dosing, long trip itineraries, may take for RA, used in pregnancy
56
Chloroquine disadvantages
long treatment, start 1-2 weeks prior to travel
57
Chloroquine dosing
500 mg PO weekly with food starting 1-2 weeks pre- travle and 4 weeks post travel. CrCl
58
Chloroquine warnings
Retinopathy, macular defeneration, arrhythmias, QT prolongation, Skeletal muscle myopathy/weakness, extrapyramidal reactions, hematological effects
59
Doxycycline side effects
Nausea, photosensitivity
60
Chloroquine monitoring
CBC (long term use), seizures, hepatic damage, auditory damage, blood disorders
61
Who should chloroquine be avoided in
G6PD+ and quinine hypersensitivity
62
Primaquine treats which strains of malaria
P. vivax, P. ovale, P. falciparum
63
Primaquine advantages
short treatment, start right before travel (if G6PD ruled out)
64
Primaquine disadvantages
Daily dosing, not used in pregnancy
65
Primaquine dosing
30 mg QD. take with food to decrease nausea starting 1 day prior to travel, stop 7 days post travel. MUST RULE OUT G6PD PRIOR TO START!!!!
66
Primaquine contraindications
concurrent drugs that can cause hemolytic anemia or bone marrow suppression/agranulocytosis, current or recent use of quinacrine, acute illness
67
Primaquine warnings
hemolytic anemia, arrhythmias, QT prolongation
68
Primaquine side effects
nausea
69
Doxycycline brand name
Vibramycin
70
Doxycycline treats which strains of malaria
P. falciparum (including chloroquine resistant areas)
71
Doxycycline advantages for treating malaria
long trip itineraries, last minute travelers, inexpensive, may take for acne
72
Doxycycline disadvantages for treating malaria
long treatment, side effects, not used in pregnancy
73
Doxycycline dosing for malaria
100 mg QD. take with food to decrease nausea. start 1-2 days prior to travel stop 4 weeks after travel
74
doxycycline contraindications
pregnancy, children
75
Doxycycline side effects
Nausea, photosensitivity
76
Best prevention of japanese encephalitis
reduce exposure to mosquitos
77
japanese encephalitis s/s
encephalits, rigors, risk of seizures, coma, death
78
yellow fever s/s
influenza like but may progress to shock and organ failure
79
Treatment of yellow fever
fluids, analgesics, and antipyretics (NOT NSAIDS/ASA DUE TO RISK OF BLEEDING)
80
yellow fever vaccine contraindications
hypersensitivity to eggs, egg products, chicken proteins, gelatin, thymus disorder, myasthenia gravis, immunosuppression
81
five countries that remain endemic with polio
afghanistan, nigeria, cameroon, somalia, and pakistan
82
Acute mountain sickness s/s
dizziness, headache, tachycardia, and SOB
83
acute mountain sickness prophylaxis medication
acetazolamide
84
acetazolamide brand name
Diamox
85
acetazolamide dosing for acute mountain sickness prophylaxis
125 mg BID starting the day before or day of ascent
86
acetazolamide side effects
polyuria, taste alteration, risk of dehydration, photosensitivity, urticaria, risk of severe skin rash,
87
acetazolamide contraindications
sulfa allergy
88
treatment of acute mountain sickness
acetazolamide, oxygen, inhaled beta agonists, dexamethasone

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