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NAPLEX!!!!! > Pediatric Conditions > Flashcards

Pediatric Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Neonate age range

A

0-28 days

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2
Q

Infant age range

A

1 month - 12 months

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3
Q

Child age range

A

1 year to 12 years

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4
Q

Adolescent age range

A

13-18 years

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5
Q

At what temperature should a child

A

temperature of 100.4 F (rectal)

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6
Q

At what temperature should a child 3-6 months old be referred for urgent care

A

101 F (rectal)

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7
Q

At what temperature should a child >6 months old be referred for urgent care

A

103 F (rectal)

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8
Q

After how long of a cough/cold that worsens or does not improve should a child be referred for urgent care

A

several days

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9
Q

after how long of unusual, severe, or persistent pain should a child be referred for urgent care

A

several hours

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10
Q

Signs of bacterial meningitis in neonates

A

bulging fontanelles, nuchal rigidity, nonspecific symptoms

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11
Q

Common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis for

A

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B strep), E. coli, Listeria, Klebsiella

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12
Q

Empiric antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningitis in those

A

Ampicillin + Cefotaxime or Ampicillin + Aminoglycoside (Gentamicin)

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13
Q

Why is ceftriaxone avoided in neonates

A

ceftriaxone displaces bilirubin from albumin and can cause bilirubin induced brain damage (kernicterus)

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14
Q

Common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis for 1-23 months of age

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, S. agalactiae, Haemophilus influenza, E. coli

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15
Q

Empiric antibiotic treatment of bacterial meningitis for patients 1-23 months of age

A

Vancomycin + 3rd generation cephalosporin (ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)

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16
Q

Common bacterial pathogens in bacterial meningitis for 2+ years of age

A

N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae

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17
Q

Empiric treatment of bacterial meningitis for 2+ years of age

A

Vancomycin + 3rd generation cephalosporin (Ceftriaxone or cefotaxime)

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18
Q

Symptoms of RSV

A

low grade fever, cough, dyspnea, and cyanosis

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19
Q

Palivizumab brand name

A

Synagis

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20
Q

Palivizumab indication

A

prevention of high risk lower respiratory tract disease caused by RSV in high risk children

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21
Q

Palivizumab mechanism/class

A

humanized monoclonal antibody

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22
Q

When is Synagis (palivizumab) recommended

A

RSV season (late fall - early spring) for infants born before 29 weeks gestation and younger than 12 months or infants with chronic illness (congential heart disease or chronic lung disease)

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23
Q

Synagis dosing

A

15 mg/kg IM (anterolateral thigh muscle) per dose - monthly - max 5 doses per season

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24
Q

CROUP symptoms

A

inspiratory stridor, barking cough, hoarseness

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25
Q

treatment for mild, moderate, and severe croup

A

steroid (dexamethasone) and nebulized racemic ephinephrine via neb (use L-epinephrine if racemic not available)

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26
Q

dexamethasone dosing for croup

A

0.6 mg/kg x 1 PO/IM/IV - max 16 mg/dose

27
Q

dosing of racemic epinephrine for croup

A

0.05-0.1 ml/kg (max 0.5 ml) diluted in 2 ml NS Q 20 minutes PRN

28
Q

dosing of L-epinephrine for croup

A

0.5 ml/kg of 1:1000 solution (max 5 ml) diluted in NS, can repeat Q 20 minutes PRN

29
Q

Warnings for epinephrine

A

caution with cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, thyroid disease, diabetes (increase BG), extravasation (IV)

30
Q

Side effects of epinephrine

A

increased BP, HR, anxiety, arrhythmia

31
Q

Behavioral approaches to nocturnal enuresis

A

positive reinforcement, normal daytime voiding pattern, normal bowel pattern, normal hydration pattern

32
Q

First line treatment for nocturnal enuresis

A

behavioral methods

33
Q

Length of an adequate trial of behavioral approaches for nocturnal enuresis

A

up to 3 months

34
Q

Drug treatment for nocturnal enuresis

A

Desmopressin

35
Q

Desmopressin MOA

A

synthetic analog of antidiuretic hormone leading to decreased nocturnal urine production

36
Q

DDAVP dosing

A

0.2 mg PO HS up to 0.6 mg max

37
Q

DDAVP contraindications

A

hyponatremia or history of hyponatremia, CrCl

38
Q

DDAVP side effects

A

HA, fatigue, possible hyponatremia due to water retention

39
Q

DDAVP counseling notes

A

limit fluid intake 1 hour before dose until the next morning

40
Q

OTC treatment for intestinal gas in children

A

simethicone drops - mild if any benefit, safe to use. symptoms will dissipate at 6-8 months of age

41
Q

OTC treatment for nasal congestion in children

A

car seat - sitting upright, cool mist humidifier, steamy bathroom, suctioning with saline drops or spray

42
Q

At what age does FDA say not to use OTC cough and cold meds in children

A
43
Q

At what age does the AAP say not to use OTC cough and cold meds in children

A
44
Q

Ibuprofen should be avoided at what age and why

A
45
Q

OTC treatment of constipation in children

A

pediatric glycerin suppositories or PEG (miralax)

46
Q

Simethicone dosing for infants

A

20 mg, 1-4 times/day PRN

47
Q

Simethicone counseling notes

A

Take after meals. shake before using. Can be mixed with water, formula or other liquids.

48
Q

Dosing of acetaminophen in infants

A

10-15 mg/kg/dose Q4-6H (max 75 mg/kg/day)

49
Q

Dosing of ibuprofen in infants

A

5-10 mg/kg/dose Q6-8H (max 40 mg/kg/day)

50
Q

Ibuprofen counseling notes for infants

A

caution about nausea, drop strength 50 mg/1.25mL

51
Q

Glycerin suppository dosing for infants

A

1 pediatric suppository. insert high into the rectum. retain for ~15 minutes

52
Q

Miralax dosing for infants

A

> or = 6 monhts: 0.2-1 gram/kg (max 17 grams). Dissolve in a least 4 oz of water or beverage.

53
Q

Why are quinolones not used in pediatrics and exceptions

A

possibility of adverse musculoskeletal effects - exceptions: anthrax, cystic fibrosis, or MDR organisms

54
Q

Why are tetracyclines not used in pediatrics and exceptions

A

not used

55
Q

Why is promethazine not used in children?

A

Contraindicated

56
Q

Why is codeine not used in pediatrics?

A

Some children are rapid metabolizers of CYP2D6 - leading to excess conversion to morphine and respiratory depression. Boxed warning for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

57
Q

What are Koplick spots

A

small white spots in the inside of the cheeks appearing 2-5 days prior to measles rash

58
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

koplick spots, maculopapular rash, fever, malaise, cough, rhinitis, conjunctivitis

59
Q

Symptoms of mumps

A

swollen salivary glands, fever, headache, myalgia, fatgue, loss of appetite - 50% have mild/no symptoms

60
Q

Symptoms of rubella

A

Fever, rash, swollen glands, cold-like symptoms, aching joints, birth defects if contracted in pregnancy, up to 50% have mild/no symptoms

61
Q

Symptoms of polio

A

Fever, fatigue, sore throat, nausea, headache, abdominal pain, nerve damage, post-polio syndrome - progressive weakness and cognitive issues

62
Q

Symptoms of pertusiss

A

sudden cough outbursts, whoooping cough, fever, rhinitis, bluish skin, vomiting, fatigue, respiratory failure, death

63
Q

Symptoms of chicken pox

A

itchy rash(starting on head, trunk, then arms and legs; starts as sores, blisters, bursting to crusts) fever malaise

NAPLEX!!!!! (8 decks)

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