Travel vaccinations and malaria

Question 1

is cholera vaccine killed or live?

Answer 1

killed

Question 2

What is a side effect of cholera vaccine?

Answer 2

GI disturbances

Question 3

what does HepA cause?

Answer 3

infectious disease of the liver

Question 4

is cholera viral or bacterial?

Answer 4

bacterial

Question 5

is hepA viral or bacterial?

Answer 5

viral

Question 6

is Japanese encephalitis viral or bacterial?

Answer 6

viral - caused by mosquitos

Question 7

what is Japanese encephalitis?

Answer 7

inflammation of the brain

- not used if going to Japan! but to Far East Asia, India etc

Question 8

is rabies viral or bacterial?

Answer 8

viral (lyssavirus) - 2 vaccines given, one at pre exposure and one post exposure

Question 9

is tick borne encephalitis viral or bacterial?

Answer 9

viral (symptoms like influenza)

Question 10

is typhoid fever viral or bacterial?

Answer 10

bacterial (salmonella typhi)

Question 11

what is typhoid fever?

Answer 11

infection can lead to internal bleeding and perforation of digestive tract/bowel

Question 12

is yellow fever viral or bacterial?

Answer 12

viral (arbovirus) - has 2 phases, transmitted by mosquitos

Question 13

how many species of parasite can cause malaria?

Answer 13

5 - most common are P.falciparum and P.vivax

Question 14

how many million cases of malaria are there a year?

Answer 14

219

Question 15

which organ do malarial parasites first infect and what do they then move onto?

Answer 15

liver and then onto RBC

Question 16

what are the three stages of symptoms of someone with malaria?

Answer 16

cold stage, hot stage, sweating stage

Question 17

What are the three main drugs used to treat P.falciparum malaria?

Answer 17

quinine, malarone and Riamet (avoid in arrhythmias)

Question 18

what is Riamet?

Answer 18

Artemether-lumefantrine (Artemisinin combination therapy ACT)
2 drugs in one allows for minimal resistance

Question 19

What are the 2 main drugs used to treat malaria which isn’t P.falciparum?

Answer 19

• chloroquine

- primaquine

Question 20

how long before and coming back from holiday should you be on malarial prophylaxis treatment?

Answer 20

1 week before and 4 weeks once back - for suppressive prophylaxis of RBC staged malaria
7 days if for casual prophylaxis (liver staged malaria)

Question 21

is malarone/primaquine for casual or suppressive prophylaxis?

Answer 21

casual (7 days one back)

–chloroquine is for surpressive

Question 22

chloroquine can be used in pregnancy and in renal impairment but not in …

Answer 22

epilepsy

Question 23

what should a mosquito net be covered in?

Answer 23

permethrin (insecticide)

Question 24

which 2 substances offer protection from bites?

Answer 24

DEET (diethyltoluamide) and citronella oil (can do but not recommended, DEET is the main)

Question 25

once back, any illness between which time frame can be malaria?

Answer 25

between 3 months and a year (so not immediately)