Travel vaccinations and malaria Flashcards
is cholera vaccine killed or live?
killed
What is a side effect of cholera vaccine?
GI disturbances
what does HepA cause?
infectious disease of the liver
is cholera viral or bacterial?
bacterial
is hepA viral or bacterial?
viral
is Japanese encephalitis viral or bacterial?
viral - caused by mosquitos
what is Japanese encephalitis?
inflammation of the brain
- not used if going to Japan! but to Far East Asia, India etc
is rabies viral or bacterial?
viral (lyssavirus) - 2 vaccines given, one at pre exposure and one post exposure
is tick borne encephalitis viral or bacterial?
viral (symptoms like influenza)
is typhoid fever viral or bacterial?
bacterial (salmonella typhi)
what is typhoid fever?
infection can lead to internal bleeding and perforation of digestive tract/bowel
is yellow fever viral or bacterial?
viral (arbovirus) - has 2 phases, transmitted by mosquitos
how many species of parasite can cause malaria?
5 - most common are P.falciparum and P.vivax
how many million cases of malaria are there a year?
219
which organ do malarial parasites first infect and what do they then move onto?
liver and then onto RBC
what are the three stages of symptoms of someone with malaria?
cold stage, hot stage, sweating stage
What are the three main drugs used to treat P.falciparum malaria?
quinine, malarone and Riamet (avoid in arrhythmias)
what is Riamet?
Artemether-lumefantrine (Artemisinin combination therapy ACT)
2 drugs in one allows for minimal resistance
What are the 2 main drugs used to treat malaria which isn’t P.falciparum?
- chloroquine
- primaquine
how long before and coming back from holiday should you be on malarial prophylaxis treatment?
1 week before and 4 weeks once back - for suppressive prophylaxis of RBC staged malaria
7 days if for casual prophylaxis (liver staged malaria)
is malarone/primaquine for casual or suppressive prophylaxis?
casual (7 days one back)
–chloroquine is for surpressive
chloroquine can be used in pregnancy and in renal impairment but not in …
epilepsy
what should a mosquito net be covered in?
permethrin (insecticide)
which 2 substances offer protection from bites?
DEET (diethyltoluamide) and citronella oil (can do but not recommended, DEET is the main)
once back, any illness between which time frame can be malaria?
between 3 months and a year (so not immediately)
