Meningitis and Vaccination Flashcards
What is meningitis?
acute inflammation of the meninges (membranes lining skull enclosing brain and spinal cord)
What types of meningitis are infants mostly affected by?
group B streptococci
pneumococcal
Meng B, C
What types of meningitis are children (2-12yrs) mostly affected by?
pneumococcal
Meng B, C
how many cases of meningitis are there every year in the UK?
3223
how many serotypes of neisseria meningitidis are there and what are they based on?
12 types - based on the bacterial polysaccharide capsule
most common are B!!, C, W and Y
How did the mengC vaccine lead to herd immunity?
as the vaccine reduced the burden of carriage on the nasal cavity
what is the vaccine schedule for mengC?
3 months
12 months
14 years
how many strains of streptococcus pneumonia (cause pneumonia) are there?
90 subtypes but the only 7-10 cause disease
What is the most important virulence factor for streptococcus pneumonia?
capsule
What are the two vaccines against streptococcus pneumonia?
PCV13 (children) - contains 13 capsule groups, conjugated to diptheria
PPV23 (adults) - contains 23 capsule groups
how long does it take for immunity to develop after a single dose of PPV vaccine?
3 weeks
What does HiB stand for?
Haemophilus influenzae type B
what % of HiB are presented as bacterial meningitis?
60%
how many capsule serotypes of HiB are there?
6 (a-f) - only encapsulated strains cause strains
what are non-capsulated diseases of HiB associated with?
respiratory infections such as exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and otitis media
