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Trauma > Traumatic Injuries to Extremities > Flashcards

Traumatic Injuries to Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

Approximately ___% of injuries seen in the Joint Theater Trauma Registry (JTTR) involve extremities

A

50%

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2
Q

As extremities are evaluated each of the 4 functional components must be considered and evaluated together.

If 3 out of 4 are damaged, then the patient it is defined as a “mangled extremity”

A

Nerves

Vessels

Bones

Soft tissue

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3
Q

Systemic antibiotics started for any open fracture

A

Ertapenem

Cefazolin

Cefoxitin

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4
Q

Should be anticipated with high voltage injuries and consultation for emergent fasciotomy should be made

A

Compartment syndrome

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5
Q

Hard signs of arterial injury

A
  • Active hemorrhage
  • Expanding or pulsatile hematoma
  • Bruit or thrill over wound
  • Absent distal pulses
  • Extremity ischemia
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6
Q
  • Pain
  • Tenderness
  • Deformity
  • Hematomas
  • Swelling
  • Crepitus
A

Closed fractures

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7
Q

Splints for femur fracture

A

Traction splint

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8
Q

Contraindications for traction femur splint

A

Pelvic fracture

Femoral neck fracture

Amputation of foot/ankle

Suspected fracture adjacent to knee

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9
Q

Antibiotic prophylaxis for a open fracture

A

Cefoxitin

Cefazolin

Ertapenem

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10
Q

Most common sites for internal hemorrhage from a fracture

A

Femur

Pelvic

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11
Q

Pelvic ring fracture is classified into what 3 types?

A

Lateral compression

Anterior posterior compression fracture

Vertical shear

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12
Q

Accounts for the majority of pelvic ring fractures

A

Lateral compression

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13
Q

Intervention used for pelvic fracture

A

Pelvic binder

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14
Q

Fascia compartments

for forearm

for calf

A

3 forearm

4 calf

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15
Q

Two most common causes of compartment syndrome

A

Hemorrhage from fracture

Edema following reperfusion injury

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16
Q

Occurs with pressure in the compartment exceeds that of the capillary (30mmHg), pressure increases and subsequently can lead to impaired blood flow

A

Compartment syndrome

17
Q

Paresthesia’s (most common)

Pain (most common) pain often described as out of proportion

Pulselessness – uncommon, late finding

Pallor

Paralysis

A

Compartment syndrome

18
Q

Intervention used in the treatment for compartment syndrome

A

Fasciotomy

19
Q

The avulsion of skin from the underlying structures is usually a result of trauma

A

Degloving

20
Q

Degloving occurs when the hand is caught by a fore and pulled at a ____ velocity

A

Low velocity

21
Q

Most common causes of degloving

A

Road traffic accidents

Conveyor belt injuries

Ring avulsion injuries

22
Q

Degloving occurs at which skin level?

A

Subcutaneous

23
Q

Field management for degloving injuries

A

Irrigate and clean wound

Antibiotics to cover skin flora (staph & strep)

  • Cefazolin
  • Augmentin
  • Doxycycline
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Ertapenem
24
Q

Majority of pelvic fractures are due to:

A

High energy blunt trauma

25
Q

Pelvic fracture

Life threatening hemorrhage is typically from:

A

Venous plexus

26
Q

Most common vertebrae affected with pelvic ring fracture

A

L5 & S1

27
Q

Bony pelvis consists of:

A

Sacrum

Coccyx

3 innominate bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)

28
Q

Forms together to form the acetabulum

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

29
Q

Pelvic fracture types

A

Pelvic ring

Lateral compression

Anterior posterior

Vertical shear

Open book

30
Q

Common term to describe pelvic ring disruptions. Widening of symphysis pubis or rami fractures, and posterior ligamentous injury.

A

Open book

31
Q

When the anterior pelvic ring widens more than ___ cm, the posterior pelvis (especially the anterior portion of the sacroiliac ligamentous complex) is frequently injured, increasing the risk of hemorrhage.

A

2.5

32
Q

This reduces pelvic volume and stabilizes fracture fragments, thereby reducing the risk of major hemorrhage

A

Pelvic binder

33
Q

Gold standard in identifying pelvic fractures

A

CT scan

34
Q

Landmark for pelvic binder

A

Greater trochanter

Trauma (12 decks)

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