Respiration and Chest Trauma Flashcards
Part of the chest where the trachea, pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins are located.
Hilum
Blood vessels of the chest
Great vessels
Pulmonary arteries
Intercostal vessels
Internal Mammary artery
The two components of chest physiology that are most likely to be impacted by injury are
Breathing and circulation
Lethal disruption of heart rhythm that occurs as a result of a blow to the area directly over the heart at a critical time during the cycle of the heart beat causing cardiac arrest
Commotio Cordis
Injury is present in up to 20% of severe chest injuries
Pneumothorax
Different types of Pneumothorax
Simple
Open
Tension
Pneumothorax
Presence of air within the pleural space
Simple Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax
Also called, “Sucking Chest Wound”
Open Pneumothorax
Pneumothorax
Occurs when air continues to enter the pleural space but has no avenue for egress.
Tension Pneumothorax
1) Chest pain
2) Dyspnea
3) Tachycardia
4) Decreased breath sounds on affected side
5) Wound may make audible sucking sounds during inspiration
Simple Pneumothorax
(1 Dyspnea (2 Sudden sharp pain (3 Subcutaneous Emphysema (4 Decreased lung sounds on affected side (5 Red Bubbles on Exhalation from wound
Open Pneumothorax
The introduction of a needle or catheter into the pleural space to release trapped/accumulated air within the pleural space
Needle Thoracentesis
Life threatening condition where air progressively accumulates in the pleural space, eventually compressing the lung and the mediastinum, causing decreased blood flow in the great vessels and subsequent death.
Tension Pneumothorax
Needle decompression should be performed when the following three criteria are met:
Evidence of worsening respiratory distress or difficulty with BVM device.
Decrease or absent breath sounds
Decompensated shock (SBP <90mm Hg)
It usually occurs in:
1) young white males
2) age 16 to 25 years old
3) who possess a very lanky, thin, runner’s build
The patient is at rest and feels a popping sensation within the chest.
The patient wakes up in the morning and feels short of breath.
Spontaneous Simple Pneumothorax
IV catheter size for Needle thoracentesis
10 - 16 G