traumatic brain injury in crime REVISE Flashcards
prime age for committing crime?
15-22
stats of young people in prisons in UK?
out of 84 000 in UK around 20 000 young
what is the legal age of criminal responsibility in the UK?
10
what percent of people in criminal justice system are male?
95%
what percentage of young offenders reoffend within 1 year? 2 years?
1 year - nearly half reconvicted
2 years - 80%
how much does it cost to spend one night in a young offender unit?
£642
what are some of the costs of crime?
food
that individual not contributing to the economy
care for the victim
damage replacement
what are some ‘thinking’ problems of offenders?
poor problem solving
poor impulse control
recognising consequences of behaviour
lack empathy
what is the front part of the brain used for?
impulse control
planning ahead
left and right temporal lobe function?
memory
left - what you heard
right - what you see
teenage brain maturation?
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex only matured at 17-19
deals with impulsivity
adult like ability to reason but heightened need for basic reward, risky decision making and poor on considering consequences if behaviour
if grow up in adversity then brain very sensitive to fight or flight and in boys particularly fight
prevalence of brain injuries?
biggest cause of death and disability worldwide in children
twice as likely to kill themselves
10-12% of population but 8% mild head injuries and 2% moderate-severe (consequences for lifetime)
particularly prevalent in south africa, china and india
brain injury mechanism?
moderate-severe : 30 mins loss of consciousness, insult to the brain from an external mechanical force (mild is the same but different degree)
frontal and temporal most commonly injured
prevalence for the most deprived parts of society?
4.7x more likely to have a brain injury
connection between anger management and brain injuries?
60% of kids with a brain injury will have anger management issues
what did a study find about link between brain injury and crime following 10 000 babies?
10 000 babies into 30s
if had a brain injury, 4x more likely to be a mentally disordered offender
poor control : could be different environments
brain injury and crime link?
2-3x more likely to commity crime
what is one potential solution in schools to reduce crime rates of children with brain injuries?
instead of exclusion, provide more effective teaching of children with neuro-disabilities
stats in germany
20-30% of non violent offenders in germany had a brain injury
40-60% of violent offenders had a brain injury
lessions in brain in frontal areas (planning and impulse control)
what is the cost of a head injury if you’re 15?
£90 000
additional £65 000 due to increased risk of crime
actions undertaken with young offenders in new zealand?
restorative justice -return to commuity with support
only 30 kids with criminal records
what actions are being undertaken in wales and success of it?
clinical psychologists brought in to assess criminal children
30% reduction of kids going into custody
40% reduction in child crime
