Trauma To The Head, Neck, And Spine Flashcards
Autonomic nervous system
Controls involuntary function
The bony structure making up the forehead, top, back, and upper sides of the skull.
Cranium
Mandible
The lower jawbone
Bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. There are right and left temporal bones
Temporal
The moveable joint formed between the mandible and the temporal bone, also called TMJ
Temporomandibular
Maxillae
The two fused bones forming the upper jaw
Nasal
The bones that form the upper third, or bridge, of the nose
The cheekbone also called zygomatic bone
Malar
Orbits
The bony structure around the eyes; the eye sockets
Foramen magnum
The opening at the base of the skull through which the spinal cord passes from the brain
Cerebrospinal fluid CSF
The fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
Vertebrae
The bones of the spinal column
Mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain. Complete recovery is usually expected but effects may linger for weeks, months or even years
Concussion
In brain injuries, a bruised brain caused when force of a blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessel
Contusion
Laceration
In brain injury, cut to the brain
Hematoma
In head injury, a collection of blood within the skull or brain
Intracranial pressure ICP
Pressure inside the skull
A distinct pattern of breathing characterized by quickening and deepening respirations followed by a period of apnea
Cheyene-Stroke Breathing
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
A pattern of rapid and deep breathing caused by injury to the brain
Ataxic respirations
A pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing commonly caused by brain injury
Pushing of a portion of the brain downward the foreman magnum as result of increased intracranial pressure
Herniation
Air embolism
A bubble of air in the bloodstream
Pulmonary embolism
A blockage in the blood circulation of lung caused by blood clot or air bubble
Neurogenic shock
A state of shock [hypoperfusion] caused by nerve paralysis that sometimes develops from spinal cord injuries
Spinal motion restriction
The immobilization of the spinal column as if it were a single bone to prevent movement of individual vertebrae
Central nervous system (CNS)
The brain and the spinal cord
Contrecoup injury
Bruising occurs on the side opposite of the blow
Coup injury
Bruising of the brain occurs on the side of the blow
Subdural hematoma
Collection of blood between brain and dura
Epidural hematoma
Blood between dura and skull
Intracerebral hematoma
Blood pools within the brain
Opening at the base of the skull
Foreman Magnum
Increased blood pressure and decrease heart rate are key findings that indicate rising ICP and is know as this
Cushings reflex
Regulates our most vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure
Brain stem
Injuries that occur immediately and as result of direct force
Primary injuries
After initial insult but can cause the same or more harm
Secondary injuries
Contrecoup injury
Bruising occurs on the side opposite of the blow
Coup injury
Bruising of the brain occurs on the side of the blow
Brains protective outer covering
Dura
Subdural hematoma
Collection of blood between brain and dura
Epidural hematoma
Blood between dura and skull
Intracerebral hematoma
Blood pools within the brain
Foreman magnum
Opening at the base of the skull
Increased blood pressure and decrease heart rate are key findings that indicate rising ICP and is know as this
Cushings reflex
Regulates our most vital functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure
Brain stem
Injuries that occur immediately and as result of direct force
Primary injuries
After initial insult but can cause the same or more harm
Secondary injuries
Caused vertebrae of the spine to essentially fuse together and creates great vulnerability of the spine injury
Ankylosing spondylitis
