CH 17 Respiratory Emergencies

Question 1

High-pitched sounds that will seem almost musical in nature, the sound is created by air moving through narrowed air passages in the lungs. Common in asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive lung disease) ex emphysema and bronchitis. Most commonly heard during expiration.

Answer 1

Wheezes

Question 2

Fine crackling or bubbling sound heard on inspiration. The sound is caused by fluid in the alveoli or by the opening of closed alveoli. AKA rales.

Answer 2

Crackles

Question 3

Lower pitched sound that resemble snoring or rattling. They are caused by secretions in larger airways as migth be seen with pneumonia or bronchitis or when materials are aspirated (breathed) into the lungs.

Answer 3

Rhonchi

Question 4

The difference between____ and ______ is not always obvious but ___ is generally louder.

Answer 4

Crackles, Rhonchi, Rhonchi

Question 5

High pitched sound heard on inspiration. It is an upper airway sound indicating partial obstruction of the trachea or larynx. Can be heard without a stethoscope.

Answer 5

Stridor

Question 6

Sounds of lower lobes in chest can be

Answer 6

Crackles

Question 7

Present throughout the lungs

Answer 7

Wheezes

Question 8

Examples of COPD

Answer 8

Emphysema, Chronic. Bronchitis , black lungs.

Question 9

Some of the common causes of COPD?

Answer 9

Chemicals, air pollutants, repeated infections, cigarette, respiratory tract irritants

Question 10

What causes Bronchioles lining is inflamed and excess mucus is formed. The cells in bronchioles that normally clear away accumulation of mucus are not able to do so because cilia have been damage or destroyed.

Answer 10

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 11

The walls of the alveoli break down, generally reducing the surface area for respiratory exchange. The lungs begging to lose elasticity. Therefore stale air laden with CO2 to be trapped in the lungs. Reducing the effectiveness of normal breathing efforts

Answer 11

Emphysema

Question 12

Chronic illness that has episodic exacerbation or flares, can be life threatening. Maybe cause by insect stings, air pollutants, infection, strenuous exercise, or emotional stress.

Answer 12

Asthma

Question 13

What happens during an asthma attack?

Answer 13

The small bronchioles that lead air to sacs of the lungs become narrowed because of contractions of the muscle that make up the airway and theres over production of thick mucus. Combine effects may cause passage to close down.

Question 14

What is CHF stand for ?

Answer 14

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 15

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the alveoli of the lungs is ____. Typically occurs because left side of the heart has been damaged, often my myocardial infarction or chronic hypertension.Left side of the heart receives blood from lungs, not able to pump blood out because leads to pressure build up and blood going back to lungs.

Answer 15

Pulmonary Edema

Question 16

What are possible treatments for Pulmonary Edema?

Answer 16

High concentrated oxygen by mask unless patient is in need to ventilate, have patients legs in dependent position (hanging down) , CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Question 17

Why would we use CPAP on a patient with pulmonary edema?

Answer 17

It can physically push the fluid back out of the lungs and into the capillaries where it belongs.

Question 18

List some of the causes of Pulmonary Edema?

Answer 18

Heart Failure, Heart Attack, Low atmospheric pressure of high altitudes

Question 19

An infection of one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. People with COPD or other chronic health problems are more likely to get it

Answer 19

Pneumonia

Question 20

Person showing these symptoms coughing mucus (green, yellow, possibly blood), fever, chest pain, and severe chills. Maybe shortness of breath, sharp chest pain or pleuritic ( worse in inhalation) headache, pale, sweaty skin. Fatigue and confusion , may hear crackles.

Answer 20

Pneumonia

Question 21

Should we CPAP on patients with Pneumonia

Answer 21

Yes, if it’s do to bacteria the patients will receive antibiotics.

Question 22

Lung collapses without any injury or obvious cause

Answer 22

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Question 23

What causes spontaneous pneumothorax ?

Answer 23

Maybe a rupture of bleb ( small section of lung that is weak), once it ruptures the lungs collapses and air leaks into the thorax .

Question 24

Who is at higher risk for Spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 24

Tall thin (greater risk of having a weak spot) people, smokers (destroy lung tissues)

Question 25

What are some possible symptoms of a person with spontaneous pneumothorax ?

Answer 25

Sharp, pleuritic chest pain, and shortness of breath and are mild when it’s small but if the are is larger patients will tire easily, breath fast , exhibit cyanosis, tachycardia.

Question 26

What can we do for a patient with spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 26

Administer O2 do not use CPAP, maybe small catheter or larger plastic chest tube between the ribs.

Question 27

When something that is not blood (blood clot, air, or fat) tries to go through these blood vessels (lung ones) it gets stuck and blocks artery in the lungs.

Answer 27

Pulmonary Embolism (dangerous condition)

Question 28

What is the most common example of pulmonary embolism?

Answer 28

A blood clot that starts in a vein, vein from leg or pelvis usually, which is dangerous type of clot and is known as DVT (deep vein thrombosis).

Question 29

What is the most common reason DTV occurs?

Answer 29

The Patient has cancer because blood is more prone to clotting. Lying down or sitting in one position for an extended period can also make blood more prone to clot.

Question 30

A significant amount of air introduce to a vein can cause great harm and possibly death also _____

Answer 30

Block pulmonary arteries

Question 31

How can fat cause Pulmonary Embolism?

Answer 31

Fat from the marrow of a fractured bone

Question 32

An infection inflates the area around the epiglottis the tissue swells

Answer 32

Epiglottis