Hematologic And Renal Emergencies Flashcards

1
Q

Solid components of blood are created in

A

The bone marrow that forms specialized core of many of the body’s bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBC’s

A

Majority of cells in circulation, give blood red color, have specialized molecules called Hemoglobin that bind to oxygen and deliver oxygen to cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WBC’s

A

Critically respond to infection and are major mediators of the body’s immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Platelets

A

Crucial in formation of clots

Clumping (aggregation) most rapid response to stop bleeding at injured site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What prevents aggregation of platelets

A

Aspirin, given to acute heart attack patient or potential heart attack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Situation of unwanted clumping of platelets not desirable?

A

When plaque in a coronary artery ruptures because it can cause a clot that then completely blocks the coronary artery leading to heart attack ( myocardial infarction )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Plasma

A

Liquid that blood and platelets are suspended, contains dissolved nutrients and crucial proteins like clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Two components in blood responsible for clotting

A

Platelets and clotting factors

describe Clotting cascades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coagulopathy

A

Abnormal clotting of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When can Coagulopathy occur

A

When the body forms clots too readily or when the patient clots too slow = uncontrolled bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Too slow coagulopathies

A

Are due to abnormally slow clotting by problems with clotting cascade a result of too few platelets or platelets that are not functioning correctly.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diseases prone to poor clotting

A

Advance Liver Disease (clotting fractures made in liver)
Ex) Cirrhosis - not make adequate clotting factors

Genetic

Ex) Hemophiliacs - Von willebrand Disease most common inherited

         Platelets functional defective allowing excessive bleeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Medical conditions that worsen disease

A

Risk heart attack or strokes or abnormal cardiac rhythm like atrial fibrillation

    Giving blood thinners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood thinners med

A

Coumadin , pradaxa, eliquis, xarelto, Lovenox

Inhibit certain clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Manage patients with potential coagulopathies past medical history

A

History of Dysrhymia called atrial fibrillation are common blood thinners

Ask trauma patients if taking blood thinners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Anemia

A

Lack of a normal number of red blood cells in circulation

17
Q

Patients becomes anemic

A

Acute anemia or Chronic Anemia

18
Q

Acute Anemia

A

May result of trauma or sudden massive bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract

Patients may show shock (hypo perfusion) rapid pulse rate cool, clammy, skin and eventually hypotension

19
Q

Chronic Anemia

A

Occurs overtime possibly recurrent heavy menstraul periods, slow gastrointestinal blood loss, or diseases affect bone marrow or structure of hemoglobin molecule

Appear more pale complain fatigue and shortness of breath with exertion

Prolonged chronic anemia may show shock

Best way to asses color conjunctiva on the lower eyelid

20
Q

Sickle cell anemia (SCA)

A

Inherited, genetic defect in the hemoglobin that results in an abnormal structure of red blood cells

Lose ability to have normal shape compressibility

Most common in African Descent

Do not survive in circulation compare to normal RBC’s

21
Q

Complication of SCA

A

Slugging abnormally shape red blood cells causes blockage within the body’s small blood vessels

Destruction of the spleen

Sickle cell pain crisis

Acute chest syndrome

Priapism

Stroke

Jaundice

22
Q

Destruction of Spleen

A

Spleen filters blood, block by abnormal SBC’s because spleen is important in fighting infection, it’s loss places patients with SCA at higher risk for severe, life threatening infections.

23
Q

Sickle cell pain crisis

A

Sickle cell crisis is caused by sluggish of sickles RBC’s in capillaries, which result in sever pain in the arms, legs, chest and or abdomen.

24
Q

Acute chest syndrome

A

Characterized by shortness of breath and chest pain associated with hypoxia when blood vessels in the lungs become blocked.

25
Priapism
Painful prolonged erections in males occurs because smudging RBC's prevent normal blood drainage from erect penis
26
Stroke
Occurs slugging RBCs block blood vessels that supply the brain
27
Jaundice
The liver becomes overwhelmed by the breakdown in red blood cells resulting in yellowish pigmentation of the body tissues
28
Renal system
Two kidneys, two ureters and single urethra
29
Kidneys
Filtration of the blood and the removal of certain waste products excessive salts and excessive fluids from the body Dehydration retain needed fluid
30
Urinary tract Infections (UTIs)
Most common afflicts renal urinary systems; caused by bacteria most are limited to bladder Painful and frequent urination If untreated infection in bladder can ascend up the ureter and into kidney called pyelonephritis
31
Urinary infection can be serious life threats
If bacteria spread into bloodstream
32
Kidney stones
Painful and common related to renal system Stones are made of calcium formed within the kidney
33
Kidney stones pain
Radiates to groin area when stone descends Associated with Nausea and vomiting
34
Loss ability to urinate normally
Obstruction of the outflow from the bladder Ex) tumor or large prostate or neurological disorder leads to lose initiate normal urine flow
35
Urinary catheter
Drain their urine, place in urethra, long term or short term Urinary tract infections and local trauma two most commons= complications with urinary catheter
36
Renal Failure
Most serous disease of the kidneys Kidneys lose ability to adequately filter the blood and remove toxins an excess fluid from body
37
Critical to patients health and survival
Control bleeding by clotting Delivery of Oxygen to cells Remove Co2 from cells Removal and delivery of waste products to organs that provide filtration