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Neuro II Exam 1 > Trauma - Fremont-Smith > Flashcards

Trauma - Fremont-Smith Flashcards

1
Q

skull fractures

A

linear
depressed

may create communication

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2
Q

trauma to brain

A

impact injury

and movement of brain injury

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3
Q

middle meningeal artery

A

in epidural space

branch of external carotid artery - does not go into brain parenchyma

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4
Q

bridging veins

A

cross meningeal layer to skull

bleed into subdura between arachnoid and meningeal layer of dura

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5
Q

cerebral arteries

A

to SA space

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6
Q

lens shaped lesion on CT

A

epidural hematoma

because confined to dural sutures

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7
Q

break bridging vessels

A

subdural hematoma

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8
Q

crescent shaped lesion on CDT

A

subdural hematoma

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9
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

get subdural hematoma

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10
Q

subdural space

A

not connected to arachnoid space - where CSF is

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11
Q

blood over time on CT

A

bright white (hyperdense) and fades to gray (isodense)

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12
Q

hematocrit effect

A

The hematocrit effect is a blood-plasma level seen with acute re-bleeding into an older subdural blood collection.

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13
Q

hygroma

A

chronic subdural hematoma

-is liquefied inside

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14
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

bleeding in sulci - in virchow robin space

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15
Q

ruptured berry aneurysm

A

SA hemorrhage

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16
Q

one punch to head death

A

traumatic SA hemorrhage

-vertebral artery rupture - at C1

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17
Q

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

A

blood in SA space - toxic on vessels - get vasospasm

  • decreased O2 to brain
  • global ischemia
  • cells die
  • fluid to edema - bad cycle
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18
Q

shaken baby syndrome triad

A

encephalopathy
subdural hematoma
retinal hemorrhage - vitreous moves rips retina

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19
Q

hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue

A

contusion

20
Q

location of contusions

A

more frequent - orbital surfaces of frontal lobes and tips of temporal lobes

21
Q

traumatic axonal injury

A

DAI - diffuse axonal injury

stretching of axons

22
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

with moderate/severe axon degeneration

23
Q

CNS myelin

A

oligodendrocytes

24
Q

PNS myelin

A

schwann cells

25
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

process that results when a nerve fiber is cut or crushed, in which the part of the axon separated from the neuron’s cell body degenerates distal to the injury

26
Q

marker for DAI

A

beta-amyloid precursor protein

27
Q

tau protein

A

in microtubule of axons

28
Q

anoxic neuron

A

red neuron

-injured neuron shrinks, becomes eisinophilic, mito condense, become pyknotic

29
Q

concussion

A

mild to severe DAI

loss of consciousness - dysfunction of reticular activating substance - upper brainstem

chronic cumulative effect - chronic traumatic encephalopathy

30
Q

chronic traumatic encephalopathy

A

CTE
-repeated DAIs

atrophy in cerebral cortex, white matter, deep nuclei, brainstem

show tau deposits

31
Q

tau deposits

A

in CTE

32
Q

phosphorylation of tau

A

forms aggregates

-alzheimers disease

33
Q

high tau in CSF

A

slow recovery after head trauma

34
Q

subfalcine herniation

A

usually asymptomatic

-may compress anterior cerebral artery - infarction

35
Q

central herniation

A

CN VI compromised - lateral rectur palsy

B/L - hemiparesis or full paresis and coma

36
Q

uncal transtentorial herniation

A

CN 3 palsy - blown pupil

compress posterior cerebral a

compress corticospinal tract

37
Q

blown pupil

A

with uncal transtentorial herniation

ipsilateral

38
Q

tonsillar herniation

A

brainstem compromise - respiratory and cardiac effect

death

39
Q

small intracranial mass

A

can compensate for increasing ICP

-reduce CSF and blood volume

40
Q

irritable and depressed alertness and attention

A

symptom of elevated ICP

41
Q

duret hemorrhage

A

with herniation - get compression of vessels

usually in pons

42
Q

hemiplegia with uncal herniation

A

is contralateral

43
Q

kernohans phenomenon

A

ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by contralateral corticospinal tract compression

44
Q

lumbar puncture on patient with inceased ICP

A

bad - herniation

45
Q

corticospinal tract

A

decussate below brain - cervical level

so motor control is C/L

Neuro II Exam 1 (14 decks)

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