Opthalmologic Agents - Linger Flashcards
ocular route admin
topical
into inferior fornix of conjunctiva aka inferio cul de sac
nasolacrimal drainage
contribute to systemic absorption
esterase
metabolize prodrugs
esters cleaved that are more soluble
contraction of pupil
M3 receptor
miosis
dilation of pupil
alpha1 receptor
mydriasis
accomodation
ciliary muscle
beta 2 and M3 receptors
anisocoria
inequal pupil
sympatetic tract damage
horners syndrome
ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis
CN 3 palsy
dilated unreactive pupil
no miosis**
adies pupil
damage to PS tract
mydriasis, sweating, loss of DTR
supersensitive to pilocarpine
muscarinc agonist
adies pupil
cocaine and horners
no dilation of pupil
-indicate damaged sympathetics
opiod agonist
excite PS nerves
-mu receptor
get pinpoint pupils
side effects of sympathomimetics
photosensitivity, conjunctival hyperemia hyper sensitivity
phenylephrine
sympathomimetic
cocaine
sympathomimetic
hydroxyamphetamine
sympathomimetic
evaluation of anisocoria
hydroxyamphetamine
timolol
beta antagonist
tx of glaucoma
timolol
normal vs. adies pupil
normal has constriction with high dose pilocarpine
adies has constriction with low dose pilocarpine
glaucoma
increased IOP
closed and open angle
mechanism of latanoprost
increased outflow of aqueous humor
prostaglainds
latanoprost
decreased aqueous humor production
beta blockers
CAIs
alpha2 agonists
increased aqueous humor outflow
prostaglandin F2a analog
alpha-adrenergic agonist - nonselective
parasympathomimetics
beta blockers
decreased aqueous production
first line for glaucoma
latanoprost
prostaglandin F2a analog
non-selective prodrug of epinephrine
dipivefrin
lowers IOP in glaucoma
apraclonidine
selective a2 agonist - does not cross BBB
dorzolamine and brinzolamide
topical CAIs
inhibit CA - reduced bicarb formation - reduced fluid transport
reduce IOP in glaucoma
oral CAI
acetazolamide
adverse of steroid
fam hx of glaucoma
-steroid induced IOP in crease - may occur 90% patients
