Perinatal Disorders - Fremont-Smith Flashcards
HIE
hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
mature infants
PVL
periventricular leukomalacia
preterm infants
asphyxia
absence of pulse
neonatal vs. adult HIE
neonate - different brain lot of body weight, no antiox defense, myelin decreased, water content
location of HIE
moderate ischemia causes mainly cortical damage in the border zones between major arterial territories (a parasagittal band of cortex that arches from the frontal to the occipital pole); severe ischemia damages the deep nuclei and the brainstem
causes of HIE
difficult delivery
meconium aspiration
infection
multicystic encephalopathy
destruction of cortex and white matter by HIE - results in formation of cavities that are cystic
ulegyria
scarred gyri
brain surface
germinal matrix layer - near ventricles
vasculature - out to in
layering - in to out
periventricular leukomalacia
in preterm infants
white matter lesions around lateral ventricles
-frontal and occipital lobes
can calcify
substrate of cerebral palsy
PVL
diagnosis of PVL
cranial U/S
noncystic white matter injury
PVL
white matter necrosis near lateral ventricles
germinal matrix hemorrhage
frequent lesion in premature babies who also have hyaline membrane disease and respiratory distress syndrome
major cause of morbidity and mortality - newborn
-and cerebral palsy/mental retardation later on
IVH
intraventricular hemorrhage
-with germinal matrix hemorrhage
four grades**
