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Musculoskeletal Disorders > Trauma - Dislocations, Sprains and Strains, Other Injuries, Muscle Tears, Repetitive Strain Injury > Flashcards

Trauma - Dislocations, Sprains and Strains, Other Injuries, Muscle Tears, Repetitive Strain Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Dislocation?

A

separation of two bones as a joint with loss of contact between articulating bone surfaces
usually, one bone is out of position whereas the other remains in place

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2
Q

Subluxation?

A

bone is only partially displaced

partial loss of contact between surfaces

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3
Q

What is the main cause of Dislocation?

A

trauma e.g fall
some cases fractures are associated with dislocations
other cases underlying cause e.g. muscular disease
rheumatoid arthritis
or other damage such as torn ligaments may predispose individual to dislocation

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4
Q

Pathophysiology Dislocation:

A

considerable soft tissue damage
inc damage to ligaments, nerves, blood vessels
bone is pulled away from joint

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5
Q

Signs and Symptoms Dislocation:

A 
Severe Pain 
Swelling
Tenderness 
Bleeding 
Inflammation
Deformity and limited movement evident
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6
Q

Dx Dislocation:

A

X-Ray confirmation

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7
Q

Tx Dislocation:

A

reduction to return the dislocated bone to normal position
immobilisation during healing
therapy maintain joint mobility
healing is slow if ligament and soft tissue extensively damaged

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8
Q

Sprain?

A

tear in a ligament

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9
Q

Strain?

A

tear in a tendon

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10
Q

Tendon

A

connect muscle to bone.

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11
Q

Ligament

A

connect one bone to another.

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12
Q

When can tendons or ligaments be torn easily?

A

when excessive force is exerted on a joint

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13
Q

Avulsion

A

ligament or tendon completely separated from their bony attachment

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14
Q

Signs and Symptoms Strains and Sprains:

A 
painful
tenderness 
marked swelling 
discolouration due to hematoma formation
bleeding into joint capsule delays healing 
strength and range of movement limited
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15
Q

Dx Strains and Sprains:

A

X-ray and other tests to rule out fracture and determine the extent of damage

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16
Q

Pathophysiology Strains and Sprains:

A

after tear
- inflammation
- granulation tissue develops at the site
- collagen fibres are formed, creating links with remaining tendons or ligaments, eventually healing mass is bound
approx 6 weeks before tendon/ligament is strong again

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17
Q

What will early stress on a tendon cause during the healing process?

A 
reopen tear, leading to the development of excessive fibrous in the tendon = 
- less strength
- shortening 
=
decreased flexibility at joint
18
Q

What may be required to treat severe damage from strain and sprains?

A

Surgery

19
Q

Predisposing factors for traumatic and overuse injuries:

A
  • increased participation in fitness and recreational activities
  • inappropriate or inadequate equipment/training/warm-up
  • aggressive sports
  • failure allow minor injuries to heal completely
  • minor injuries - excessive use/abuse esp joints
  • muscle tears more common
20
Q

Muscle Tear?

A

tears along the muscle itself or at the points of attachment

21
Q

Causes of muscle tears:

A
  • direct trauma

- exertion/overstressing

22
Q

First Degree (muscle tear) :

A

usually involves only a small percentage of muscle

the pain usually mild - does not result in an appreciable loss in strength of range of motion

23
Q

Second Degree (muscle tear)

A

larger tear
involves much of the muscle but stops short of being a complete tear
the pain usually severe and muscle can be partially contracted with a substantial loss of strength and range of motion

24
Q

Third Degree (muscle tear)

A

complete tear across the width of the muscle
muscle will be unable to contract
a great deal of internal bleeding
surgery may be required to repair tear for proper healing

25
Q

Treatment - Tear:

A

as soon as tear occurs activity involving use muscle should stop
cold should be applied to help reduce internal bleeding
the compression bandage should be applied
lib affected area elevated

26
Q

What will scar tissue cause following all types of muscle tears?

A

reduced flexibility

reduced strength

27
Q

What can repeated injuries result in?

A

fibrous scar tissue replacing normal structures, hindering mobility, as well as permanent joint damage and development of osteoarthritis

28
Q

What can repeated tears to the knee ligament cause?

A

repeated tears to knee ligament appear to cause early development of osteoarthritis

29
Q

What can shoulder pain and damage to the rotator cuff from excessive swinging motions, esp w force (golf, tennis, hockey, painting walls/ceilings) lead to?

A

tendinitis

30
Q

RSI

A

Repetitive Starin Injury

31
Q

What does RSI refer to?

A

disorders affecting muscles, tendons and nerves that develop over a period of time

32
Q

What does the cause of RSI appear to be?

A

repeated forceful or precision movements associated with work and sport-related activities
rapid repetition of certain movements interferes with circulation to the area and damages soft tissue with cumulative effects
most injuries affect the upper body

33
Q

Who is at higher risk of RSI?

A

higher stress levels
age 30 to 50 years
work involving repetitive; lifting, pivoting, retrieving, shelving

34
Q

Result of RSI?

A

pain
weakness
numbness
causing disability and interference with sleep

35
Q

Examples of RSI:

A

tendinitis
inflammatory
injury of tendon and sheath
compression of peripheral nerve, seen in carpal tunnel syndrome

36
Q

What happens in carpal tunnel syndrome?

A

the median nerve is compressed at the wrist between tendons and the transverse carpal ligament

37
Q

What does a Dx of RSI require?

A

Hx
X-Rays
perhaps arthroscopic examination

38
Q

Common Tx for RSI:

A 
rest 
cold/heat application 
NSAIDs 
physiotherapy
occupational therapy - ergonomic changes
surgery
39
Q

Common purposes of surgery in RSIs:

A

repair tears
remove damage
replace joints

40
Q

What can Sports Medicine Clinics provide?

A 
evaluation
education 
preventative measure 
assitive devices 
rehabilitation programmes

Musculoskeletal Disorders (11 decks)

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