Trauma - Categories Fractures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Fracture?

A

a break in the rigid structure and continuity of a bone

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2
Q

Complete Fracture?

A

occurs when the bone is broken in two or more seperate pieces

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3
Q

Incomplete Fracture?

A

the bone is only partially broken

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4
Q

Open Fracture?

A

aka compound
skin is broken
bone fragments may be angled and protrude skin

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5
Q

Closed Fracture?

A

skin is not broken at the fracture site

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6
Q

In open fractures, there is more damage to…

and a higher risk of…

A

soft tissue inc. blood vessels, nerves infection

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7
Q

Fractures can be categorised by the number of fracture lines. What are these 4 main groups?

A

Simple
Segmental
Comminuted
Compression

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8
Q

Simple Fracture?

A

single break in the bone which bone ends maintain their alignment

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9
Q

Segmental Fracture?

A

several large bone fragments seperate from main body of a fractured bone

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10
Q

Comminuted Fracture?

A

multiple fracture lines and bone fragments

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11
Q

Compression Fracture?

A

common in vertebrae

bone is crushed or collapsed into small pieces

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12
Q

Impacted Fracture?

A

one end of the bone forced or telescoped into adjacent bone e.g. neck of femur crushed against the pelvis

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13
Q

Pathologic Fracture?

A

results from weakness in the bone structure due to a condition
e.g. tumour, osteoporosis
this break occurs spontaneously or with very little stress on the bone

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14
Q

Stress Fracture?

A

(fatigue fractures) repeated excessive stress results from repeated excessive stress commonly in the tibia, femur or second and third metatarsals

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15
Q

Depressed Fracture?

A

occurs in the skull when broken section if forced inward on the brain

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16
Q

Transverse Fracture?

A

fracture across the bone

17
Q

Linear Fracture?

A

break along the axis of the bone

18
Q

Oblique Fracture?

A

break at an angle to the diaphysis

19
Q

Spiral Fracture?

A

brak that angles around the bone usually due to a twisting injury

20
Q

Give two names for unique specific fractures?

A

Colles

Pott

21
Q

Colles Fracture?

A

break in distal radius at the wrist, commonly occurring when a person attempts to break a fall by extending the arm and open hand
sometimes the ulna is damaged

22
Q

Pott Fracture?

A

fracture of the lower fibula due to excessive stress on the ankle, such as occurs when stepping down with force
tibia may be damaged as well