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Back to Basics - Critical Care Transport Review > Trauma & Burns > Flashcards

Trauma & Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Most common joint dislocation

A

hip

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2
Q

Most common joint dislocation recurrence

A

anterior shoulder

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3
Q

Normal blood volume

A

Adult - 70ml/kg

Pedi - 80ml/kg

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4
Q

Normal urine output

A

Adult - 30-50ml/hr

Pedi - 1-2ml/kg/hr

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5
Q

Death from crush injury caused by

A

renal failure (rhabdomyolysis)

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6
Q

Complications from crush injury

A

DIC, compartment syndrome, renal failure, hyperkalemia

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7
Q

high velocity projectile

A

>2000 ft/sec

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8
Q

medium velocity projectile

A

1000-2000 ft/sec

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9
Q

low velocity projectile

A

<1000 ft/sec

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10
Q

Chest tube locaiton

A

4th ICS, anterior axillary line

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11
Q

Needle thoracostomy location

A

2nd ICS, mid-axillary line

4th ICS, anterior axillary line

5th ICS, mid-clavcular line

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12
Q

What should you suspect with fracture of the first three ribs?

A

Aorta injury

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13
Q

What is a scaphoid abdomen? What does it indicate?

A

Sunken appearance to abdomen

Diaphragmatic rupture

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14
Q

What is the Parkland formula?

A

% BSA * 4ml/kg * wt(kg)

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15
Q

What is the Brooks formula?

A

% BSA * 2ml/kg * wt(kg)

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16
Q

Burn formulas give fluid resuscitation requirements for what time frame?

A

First 24 hours.

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17
Q

What is the Consensus formula?

A

% BSA * 2-4ml/kg * wt(kg)

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18
Q

What is diffuse axonal injury? What causes it?

A

Leading cause of death from TBI, results from the brain moving back and forth in the skull as a result of rapid acceleration or deceleration. Usual presentation is prolonged unconsciousness.

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19
Q

Trauma patients with a pneumothorax will probabaly require what intervention before air transport?

A

Chest tube

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20
Q

A chest tube inserted for hemothorax should be clamped after how much blood is removed?

A

1000mL (or 20% total blood volume)

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21
Q

Abnormal breath sounds in the lower (often left) chest that sound like bowel sounds indicate

A

Diaphragmatic rupture

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22
Q

The most common location of spinal injury from a rear end MVC where PT was wearing seatbelt and had head rest adjusted correctly is

A

T12-L1

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23
Q

The most common location of spinal injury from a rear end MVC where PT was wearing seatbelt and had head rest adjusted incorrectly is

A

C1-C3

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24
Q

The extrinsic clotting pathway is triggered by what chemical?

A

Tissue thromboplastin

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25
Q

Which clotting pathway is activated by trauma?

26
Q

What blood product does not require type and cross before administration?

27
Q

Cryoprecipitate is given to correct what blood problems?

A

Clotting abnormalities (DIC, hemophilia)

28
Q

Lab values: normal K

29
Q

Lab values: normal Na

30
Q

Lab values: normal Ca

A

Total 8.5 - 10.5

Ionized 4.5 - 5.5

31
Q

Lab values: normal CO2

32
Q

Lab values: normal BUN

33
Q

Lab values: normal Creatinine

34
Q

Lab values: normal Glucose

35
Q

Lab values: normal serum osmolality

36
Q

Lab values: normal Mg

A

1.5 - 2.5

(4 - 8 if treating pre-eclampsia)

37
Q

Lab values: normal BNP

38
Q

Lab values: normal RBC

A

4 - 5 (million)

39
Q

Lab values: normal Hematocrit

A

35 - 45% women

40 - 50% men

40
Q

Lab values: normal Hemoglobin

A

11 - 16 women

12 - 18 men

41
Q

Lab values: normal Platelets

A

150k - 400k

42
Q

Lab values: normal WBC

A

4.5k - 10k

43
Q

This ladder diagram is for?

What numbers go where?

A

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

44
Q

This ladder diagram is for?

What numbers go where?

45
Q

This ladder diagram is for?

What numbers go where?

46
Q

What is Newton’s First Law?

A

An object remains in motion or at rest until it is acted on by an external force. (Inertia)

47
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law?

A

Force = mass * acceleration

48
Q

What is Newton’s Third law?

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

49
Q

What factors determine the severity of an electrical injury?

A

Voltage, amperage, current type

50
Q

What is voltage? How does voltage determine electrical injury?

A

Voltage measures flow of electrons

<1000 low (homes = 120-240V, railroad = 600V)

>1000 high (power lines, electrical substations)

Higher more dangerous

51
Q

What is amperage? How does amperage determine electrical injury?

A

Volume of electrons flowing in circuit

Homes 15-30A

Muscle tetany 15-30mA

Dysrhythmias 50-100mA

52
Q

How does current type determine electrial injury?

A

AC produces muscle tetany

Homes 60Hz

Muscle Tetany between 40-110Hz

DC produces a large muscle contraction, pushes victim away

53
Q

Urine output in rhabdomyolysis must be at least

54
Q

How should dry chemical exposure be managed?

A

Brush chemical off before irrigation.

55
Q

Hydrofluroic acid exposure can cause what complication? How is it managed?

A

Drop in serum calcium levels, and severe pain

Gel made with calcium placed on exposure site, possible IV calcium if EKG changes

56
Q

Escharotomy is a procedure required to treat

A

Circumferential burns to the torso that inhibit breathing

57
Q

What is the different between an escharotomy and a fasciaotomy?

A

Escharotomy cuts through burned/charred skin (circumferential burns).

Fasciaotomy cuts through muscle fascia (compartment syndrome)

58
Q

Signs of a tension pneumothorax include

A

Tachycardia

Hypotension

Anxiety/panic

Torso trauma

59
Q

PEA should be managed by treating the appropriate causes, remembered by what mneumonic?

A

H’s & T’s

60
Q

The most common cause of PEA in trauma is

A

Hypovolemia

Back to Basics - Critical Care Transport Review (10 decks)

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