Cardio/Medical Flashcards
Define Kehr’s Sign, caused by?
referred shoulder pain - possible splenic injury, gall bladder issue, or ectopic pregnancy
Define Kernig’s Sign, caused by?
back, leg pain on knee extension - possible bacterial menengitis
Define Brudzinski’s Sign, caused by?
back, leg pain on neck flexion - possible bacterial menengitis or subarachnoid bleed
Define Hamman’s Sign, caused by?
crunching sound heard with auscultation over the anterior chest synchronized with heartbeat - tracheobronchial injury
Define Steeple Sign (x-ray), caused by?
Trachea just below chords looks like church steeple on A/P neck view - croup
Define Thumbprint Sign (x-ray), caused by?
Epiglottis looks rounded like distal thumb on lateral neck view; Epiglottitis
Drugs for AAA
nipride and beta-blockers
Abdominal assessment steps (in order)
inspect, auscultate, palpate, percuss
Contraindications for thrombolytics
- Hx of hemhorrhagic stroke
- CVA in last 12 months
- SBP > 180
- Pregnant or 1 month post-partum
First step to increase SpO2?
Increase (maximize) FiO2
Electrical alternans may be seen when?
Cardiac tamponade (though only 10% of the time)
Coumadin reversal agent
Vitamin K, FFP
Define Beck’s Triad, caused by?
Hypotension, JVD, Muffled Heart Tones;
Cardiac Tamponade
Treatments for cardiac tamponade include
Force fluids, pericardiocentesis
MAP =
DBP + 1/3 PP
Normal coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP)
50-70mmHg
Define Trousseau’s Sign, caused by?
BP cuff inflated in arm >SBP and left for >3 min, causes contraction of muscles; hypocalcemia
Signs of cardiac tamponade include
Pulsus parodoxus, Kussmaul Sign, Beck’s Triad, PEA
B-type natriuetic peptide (BNP) evaluates
Fluid overload and heart failure
Define Levine’s Sign, caused by?
Clenchedd fist held over chest; ACS
Define Kussmaul’s Sign, caused by?
Rise in venous pressure with inspiration; Right heart failure or cardiac tamponade
Drug of choice for esophageal varicies
Sandostatin (octreotide)
Recommended urinary output for an adult
30-50 ml/hr
Define Murphy’s Sign, caused by?
Palpation of RUQ, pain worse with inspiration than palpation alone; Gall Bladder
Elevated ammonia levels are seen with
chronic hepatitis, hepatic encephalopathy
Problem with HHNK, treatment
Severely elevated glucose, dehydration, high osmolality;
insulin, fluid, electrolyte correction
Morphine is (historically) contraindicated for what abdominal problem
Pancreatitis
Problem with diabetes insipidus, treatment
Underproduction of ADH, causing excessive and severely diluted urine output;
Aggressive fluid replacement and vasopressin
Problem with SIADH, treatment
Overproduction of ADH, causing fluid retention and hemodilution;
Diuretics, hypertonic saline
Problem with Graves Disease, treatment
Hyperthyroidism, causing weight loss, anxiety, buldging eyes, a-fib;
glucocorticoids
Problem with Addison’s Disease, treatment
Acute renal insufficiency, causing hypotension, fatigue, weight loss;
general supportive care
Problem with Myxedema coma, treatment
Hypothyroidism, causing weight gain, fatigue, coarse hair, deep voice, chills; women >60 in winter;
levothyroxine
Problem with Cushing’s Disease, treatment
Hyperaldosteronism, causing hypertension, moon-face, fatigue, core obesity /c thin extremities;
Modify (start/change/stop) steroids
Coronary perfusion pressure (CoPP) is calculated by
DBP - PCWP
diastolic - wedge
Define Grey-Turner’s Sign, caused by?
Bruising in flanks; intraabdominal bleeding
Define Cullen’s Sign, caused by?
Periumbilical bruising; intraabdominal bleeding
Define Halstead’s Sign, caused by?
Marbled abdomen; intraabdominal bleeding
Define Stable Angina
- Occurs (usually) during physical exertion
- Episodes of pain tend to be alike
- Usually lasts a short time (5 minutes or less)
- Is relieved by rest or nitro
Define Unstable Angina
- Occurs while you may be resting, sleeping, or with little physical exertion
- Lasts longer (>10 min) or feels different than usual angina
- Not relieved by rest or nitro
- May get worse over time
Define Prinzmetal’s Angina
- Coronary artery spasm caused by: cold weather, stress, smoking, drug (cocaine) use
- Occurs (usually) at rest or during the night or early morning hours
- Pain usually severe
- Usually relieved by nitro
