Trauma and Burns

Question 1

Hamman’s sign is associated with?

Answer 1

Tracheobronchial injury

Question 2

clinical presentation of abnormal posturing(involuntary flexion or extension) usually indicates?

Answer 2

Severe injury/damage to the brain and brainstem

Question 3

What is Diffuse Axonal injury?

Answer 3

axons of the brain are stretched and damaged due to rapid movement of the brain

( think acceleration and deceleration associated with high speed accidents or ejection from vehicles

Question 4

Chest tubes should be clamped when?

Answer 4

After patient (Adult lost)1000 mL of blood

Question 5

Clotting cascade can be triggered through an extrinsic pathway, triggering mechanism is the release of ?

Answer 5

Prothrombin

Question 6

Left shoulder pain as a result of significant traumatic accident is associated with what sign?

Answer 6

Kehr’s sign

Question 7

Most common serious complication of abdominal injury, resulting from trauma

Answer 7

Injury to the spleen

Question 8

Common problem associated with electrical injuries

Answer 8

hemaoglobinuria and myoglobinuria

Question 9

CVP evaluates?

Answer 9

Preload of the right side of the heart

Question 10

PCWP evaluates?

Answer 10

Preload of the left side of the heart

Question 11

PVR evaluates?

Answer 11

Afterload of the right side of the heart

Question 12

SVR evaluates?

Answer 12

Afterload of the left side of the heart

Question 13

Describe Grey Turners

Answer 13

Bruising of the flanks/ can indicate retroperitoneal or intra- abdominal bleeding

Question 14

Describe Cullen’s sign

Answer 14

Superficial edema and bruising in fatty tissue around umbilicus

may indicate pancreatic necrosis with intra-abdominal bleeding

Question 15

Describe Murphy’s sign

Answer 15

helps with differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant

positive in cholecystitis (gallbladder disease)

Question 16

Injuries associated with motorcycle crashes (side impact)

Answer 16

think motorcycle between second object

open fractures with the femur, tibia/fibula,and malleolus

Question 17

Stage I shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?

Answer 17

Early, reversible compensatory/<15%(750)/ mild increase in HR and RR

Question 18

Stage II shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?

Answer 18

Early, reversible compensatory/15-30%(750-1,500)/ Moderate tachycardia and begins to narrow the pulse pressure, increased RR, delayed capillary refill

Question 19

Stage III shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?

Answer 19

Intermediate,progressive, decompensated shock/ 30-40%(1,500-2,000)/ Compensatory mechanism fail, hypotension, tachycardia, low urine output, anaerobic metabolism and lactic acids are produced

Question 20

Stage IV shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?

Answer 20

Irreversible, refractory/ >40% (2,000-2,500)/profound hypotension, DIC, end-organ damage (MODS), and death

Question 21

Causes of PEA

Answer 21

PATCH4MD

Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Tension Pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypvolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
MI
Overdose

Question 22

clotting cascade can be triggered through an extrinsic pathway. The triggering mechanism is?

Answer 22

release of tissue thromboplastin