Trauma and Burns Flashcards
Hamman’s sign is associated with?
Tracheobronchial injury
clinical presentation of abnormal posturing(involuntary flexion or extension) usually indicates?
Severe injury/damage to the brain and brainstem
What is Diffuse Axonal injury?
axons of the brain are stretched and damaged due to rapid movement of the brain
( think acceleration and deceleration associated with high speed accidents or ejection from vehicles
Chest tubes should be clamped when?
After patient (Adult lost)1000 mL of blood
Clotting cascade can be triggered through an extrinsic pathway, triggering mechanism is the release of ?
Prothrombin
Left shoulder pain as a result of significant traumatic accident is associated with what sign?
Kehr’s sign
Most common serious complication of abdominal injury, resulting from trauma
Injury to the spleen
Common problem associated with electrical injuries
hemaoglobinuria and myoglobinuria
CVP evaluates?
Preload of the right side of the heart
PCWP evaluates?
Preload of the left side of the heart
PVR evaluates?
Afterload of the right side of the heart
SVR evaluates?
Afterload of the left side of the heart
Describe Grey Turners
Bruising of the flanks/ can indicate retroperitoneal or intra- abdominal bleeding
Describe Cullen’s sign
Superficial edema and bruising in fatty tissue around umbilicus
may indicate pancreatic necrosis with intra-abdominal bleeding
Describe Murphy’s sign
helps with differentiating pain in the right upper quadrant
positive in cholecystitis (gallbladder disease)
Injuries associated with motorcycle crashes (side impact)
think motorcycle between second object
open fractures with the femur, tibia/fibula,and malleolus
Stage I shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?
Early, reversible compensatory/<15%(750)/ mild increase in HR and RR
Stage II shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?
Early, reversible compensatory/15-30%(750-1,500)/ Moderate tachycardia and begins to narrow the pulse pressure, increased RR, delayed capillary refill
Stage III shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?
Intermediate,progressive, decompensated shock/ 30-40%(1,500-2,000)/ Compensatory mechanism fail, hypotension, tachycardia, low urine output, anaerobic metabolism and lactic acids are produced
Stage IV shock
What is the name/blood loss/findings?
Irreversible, refractory/ >40% (2,000-2,500)/profound hypotension, DIC, end-organ damage (MODS), and death
Causes of PEA
PATCH4MD
Pulmonary embolism
Acidosis
Tension Pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypvolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
MI
Overdose
clotting cascade can be triggered through an extrinsic pathway. The triggering mechanism is?
release of tissue thromboplastin
