Cardio/Med Emergencies Flashcards
Levine’s
Clutching of the chest, may be cardiac in origin
Grey Turner’s
Retroperitoneal bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or trauma
Cullen’s
Periumbilical bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or intra-abdominal bleeding
Halstead
Marbled appearance of the abdomen, may indicate necrosis of the pancreas
Kehr’s
Shoulder pain, may indicate spleen injury on the left side or ectopic pregnancy/rupture on either side
Hamman’s
Crunching sound heard with auscultation, may be synchronized with heart rate/pulse, may indicate tracheobronchial injury
ST elevation indicates
Injury
ST depression indicates
Ischemia
Q waves indicates
Infarction
Kussmaul’s sign
rise in venous pressure with inspiration(JVD), possible indication of RVI and cardiac tamponade
Sandostain (Octreotide)
Vasoactive peptide used to management of upper gastrointestinal esophageal varices
Stable chest pain
Chest pain due to physical exertion or emotional stress
Pain lasts 1-5 mins
Pain is relieved by rest
Unstable chest pain
Stable angina that changed in frequency, quality, duration, or intensity
Pain lasts longer than 10 mins despite rest and NTG
Variant
Spontaneous episodes of chest pain frequency noted at rest or on early rising
Circadian pattern
Relieved by NTG
Silent chest pain
Objective evidence of ischemia in asymptomatic patients
Mixed chest pain
Combination of stable and variant angina
Prinzmetal’s
Can occur at rest, while sleeping, or after exercise
Hypoxic Hypoxia
Deficiency in the alveolar oxygen exchange, which can be caused by low barometric pressure
Hypemic Hypoxia
Is a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
Stagnant Hypoxia
Occurs when conditions exist that result in reduced total cardiac output, pooling of the blood within certain regions of the body, a decreased blood flow to the tissues, or restriction of blood flow
Histotoxic Hypoxia
Occurs when metabolic disorders or poisoning of the cytochromic oxidase enzyme results in a cell’s inability to use molecular oxygen+
Treatment for left ventricular diastolic failure
Diuretics and relief of anxiety
Relieving ischemia, treating atherosclerosis, correcting renal artery stenosis, keep pt dry, maintain slow sinus rhythm, and control blood pressure
Coronary perfusion pressure
50-60 mmHg
Calculating Coronary Perfusion Pressure
DBP- PWCP
