Cardio/Med Emergencies

Question 1

Levine’s

Answer 1

Clutching of the chest, may be cardiac in origin

Question 2

Grey Turner’s

Answer 2

Retroperitoneal bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or trauma

Question 3

Cullen’s

Answer 3

Periumbilical bruising, may indicate pancreatitis or intra-abdominal bleeding

Question 4

Halstead

Answer 4

Marbled appearance of the abdomen, may indicate necrosis of the pancreas

Question 5

Kehr’s

Answer 5

Shoulder pain, may indicate spleen injury on the left side or ectopic pregnancy/rupture on either side

Question 6

Hamman’s

Answer 6

Crunching sound heard with auscultation, may be synchronized with heart rate/pulse, may indicate tracheobronchial injury

Question 7

ST elevation indicates

Answer 7

Injury

Question 8

ST depression indicates

Answer 8

Ischemia

Question 9

Q waves indicates

Answer 9

Infarction

Question 10

Kussmaul’s sign

Answer 10

rise in venous pressure with inspiration(JVD), possible indication of RVI and cardiac tamponade

Question 11

Sandostain (Octreotide)

Answer 11

Vasoactive peptide used to management of upper gastrointestinal esophageal varices

Question 12

Stable chest pain

Answer 12

Chest pain due to physical exertion or emotional stress

Pain lasts 1-5 mins
Pain is relieved by rest

Question 13

Unstable chest pain

Answer 13

Stable angina that changed in frequency, quality, duration, or intensity

Pain lasts longer than 10 mins despite rest and NTG

Question 14

Variant

Answer 14

Spontaneous episodes of chest pain frequency noted at rest or on early rising

Circadian pattern
Relieved by NTG

Question 15

Silent chest pain

Answer 15

Objective evidence of ischemia in asymptomatic patients

Question 16

Mixed chest pain

Answer 16

Combination of stable and variant angina

Question 17

Prinzmetal’s

Answer 17

Can occur at rest, while sleeping, or after exercise

Question 18

Hypoxic Hypoxia

Answer 18

Deficiency in the alveolar oxygen exchange, which can be caused by low barometric pressure

Question 19

Hypemic Hypoxia

Answer 19

Is a reduction in the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood

Question 20

Stagnant Hypoxia

Answer 20

Occurs when conditions exist that result in reduced total cardiac output, pooling of the blood within certain regions of the body, a decreased blood flow to the tissues, or restriction of blood flow

Question 21

Histotoxic Hypoxia

Answer 21

Occurs when metabolic disorders or poisoning of the cytochromic oxidase enzyme results in a cell’s inability to use molecular oxygen+

Question 22

Treatment for left ventricular diastolic failure

Answer 22

Diuretics and relief of anxiety
Relieving ischemia, treating atherosclerosis, correcting renal artery stenosis, keep pt dry, maintain slow sinus rhythm, and control blood pressure

Question 23

Coronary perfusion pressure

Answer 23

50-60 mmHg

Question 24

Calculating Coronary Perfusion Pressure

Answer 24

DBP- PWCP