test 3 fb

Question 1

Sudden increase in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) with normal plateau pressure (P plat) is a indication of?

Answer 1

Upper airway involvement

Question 2

If both PIP and P plat are elevated where is the location of the problem?

Answer 2

Problem is Alveolar level

Question 3

Normal SvO2 range is?

what is the other name of SvO2

Answer 3

60-80%

Goal is to maintain a level >70%

Central venous oxygen concentration

Question 4

Patient is noted to receive a massive transfusion with PRBCs, cellular hypoxia is secondary to?

Why is this happening?

Answer 4

Decreased levels of 2,3 -DPG

Citrate is added to PRBCs= citrate binds to 2,3 -DPG= decreased levels of 2,3 - PRBCs= increased affinity= leads to oxygen not being released

Question 5

What does 2,3 -DPG do?

Answer 5

leads to rightward shifted oxygen dissociation curves= causes hemoglobin to release oxygen molecules for cells

Question 6

A patient has a diagnosis of pulmonary embolus and is in respiratory distress, appearing anxious and diaphoretic. Current vitals: BP 94/62, HR 120, RR 38. There are crackles auscultated throughout. What would anticipated findings be on their ABG?

(why is the answer right)

Decreased pH, increased PaCO2, normal PaO2
Decreased pH, increased PaCO2, decreased PaO2
Increased pH, decreased PaCO2, decreased PaO2
Increased pH, decreased PaCO2, normal PaO2

Answer 6

Increased pH, decreased PaCO2, decreased PaO2

In patients with a diagnosis of pulmonary embolus, they typically present with tachypnea and dyspnea. This leads to a state of respiratory alkalosis (an increase in pH and a decrease in PaCO2). With a respiratory rate of 38, the PaO2 is going to decrease due to the ventilation/perfusion mismatch. When the patient becomes too fatigued, they may go into a state of hypercapnia, and uncompensated respiratory acidosis may eventually occur.

Question 7

A patient is exhibiting signs of citrate toxicity after receiving multiple units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs). What medication is indicated in this patient?

Answer 7

Calcium Chloride/ Calcium Gluconate

Question 8

What electrolytes does citrate bind to?

Answer 8

Calcium and Magnesium

Question 9

Potential complication with surfactant replacement?

Answer 9

Air leak syndrome

Question 10

Kounis syndrome

Answer 10

myocardial infarction related to an anaphylactic reaction

is secondary to mast cell release from the massive histamine response seen

Question 11

intra-aortic balloon migrates upward, which site is most likely to be affected?

Answer 11

Left radial

tip is approximately 1 to 2 cm below the origin of the left subclavian artery and above the renal arteries. If the balloon migrates up and blocks the left subclavian artery, there will be a loss of perfusion to the left arm and loss of left radial pulse.

Question 12

What is the pitot tube on an aircraft used for?

Answer 12

The pitot tube on any aircraft is used to determine airspeed and altitude. The pitot tube has two holes that are used for measurement. One hole is located at the front of the tube and placed in the airstream. This hole measures stagnation pressure. The second hole is located on the side and measures static pressure. The difference between the two pressures is the dynamic pressure, which is used to determine airspeed and altitude.

Question 13

A proper verbal report must be provided when transferring or assuming care of a patient. To ensure an effective and concise report, the acronym SBAR is often utilized. What does SBAR stand for?

Answer 13

Situation, background, assessment, and recommendation