Trauma

Question 1

What is a contusion?

Answer 1

Bruise caused by burst blood vessels in the skin

Question 2

What is an abrasion?

Answer 2

A graze or scratch caused by scraping of the skin

Question 3

What is a laceration?

Answer 3

A cut or tear of the skin due to crushing (blunt force trauma)

Question 4

What are some patterned bruises?

Answer 4

Tramline bruises

Fingertip bruising

Question 5

What factors affect prominence?

Answer 5

Skin pigment
Depth and location
Fat
Age
Resilient areas
Coagulation disorders

Question 6

What are sharp force wounds?

Answer 6

Can be superficial or penetrating

• Incised wounds (longer than they are deep)
• Stab wounds (wound deeper than length on surface)

Question 7

Brain bleeding volumes

Answer 7

35 = symptomatic
40-50 = clinical deterioration
80-100 = fatal due to increased ICP and herniation
150+ = fatal

Question 8

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 8

Between the dura and the skull

Question 9

What is a subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 9

Between the dura and the arachnoid

Question 10

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 10

Between the arachnoid and the pia

Question 11

What is Traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 11

Due to rapid rotation of the head (due to a punch on side of head)
Sudden twisting = rupture of vessels
Causes immediate unconsciousness

Question 12

What is Diffuse brain injury?

Answer 12

Diffuse axonal injury = immediate and prolonged comma

Traumatic axonal injury = damaged axons due to trauma