Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Epidural hematoma is classically due to________

A

Fracture of the temporal bone with rupture of the middle meningeal artery

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2
Q

How does the lesion of a epidural hematoma from the fracture of the temporal bone appear on CT?

A

Lens-shaped lesion on CT

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3
Q

What is a lethal complication of epidural hematoma?

A

Herniation

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4
Q

What causes a subdural hematoma?

A

Tearing of the bridging veins that lie between the dura and arachnoid

Usually arises due to trauma

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5
Q

How does a subdural hematoma due to tearing of bridging veins appear on CT?

A

Crescent shaped lesion on CT

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6
Q

What population has an increased rate of subdural hematoma due to torn brdiging veins? Why?

A

The elderly due to age related cerebral atrophy which stretches the bridging veins

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7
Q

What is a lethal complication of subdural hematoma?

A

herniation

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8
Q

What is herniation of the brain?

A

Displacement of brain tissue due to mass effect or increased intracranial pressure

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9
Q

What is tonsillar herniation?

A

Displacement of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum

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10
Q

What structure can be compressed due to a tonsillar herniation and what complication can that lead to?

A

Compression of the brain stem leads to cardiopulmonary arrest

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11
Q

What is subfalcine herniation?

A

Displacement of the cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri

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12
Q

What structure is compressed in subfalcine herniation? What complication does that lead to?

A

Compression of the anterior cerebral artery leading to infarction

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13
Q

What is an uncal herniation?

A

Displacement of the temporal lobe uncus under the tentorium cerebelli

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14
Q

What structures are compressed in uncal herniation and their respective complications?

A

Compression of CN III leads to the eye moving down and out

Compression of posterior cerebral artery leads to infarction of occipital lobe (contralateral homonymous hemianopsia)

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15
Q

What structure is ruptured by an uncal herniation and what is its complication?

A

Rupture of the paramedian artery leads to Duret (brainstem) hemorrhage

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