Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CNS Pathology > Glaucoma and Epilepsy Drugs > Flashcards

Glaucoma and Epilepsy Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main goal of glaucoma drugs?

A

Decrease intraocular pressure by decreasing the amount of aqueous humor by either inhibiting synthesis/secretion of humor or increasing the drainage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What class of drugs are epinephrine and brimonidine?

A

alpha-agonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of epinephrine in treating glaucoma?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis via vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mechanism of brimonidine (alpha-2) in treating glaucoma?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the side effect of epinephrine in treating glaucoma?

A

Mydriasis; do not use in closed angel glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the side effects of brimonidine use in glaucoma?

A

Blurry vision

Ocular hyperemia

Foreign body sensation

Ocular allergic reactions

Ocular pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What class of drugs are timolol, betaxolol and carteolol?

A

ß-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism of timolol, betaxolol and cartelol in glaucoma treatment?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Side effects of timolol, betaxolol and carteolol in glaucoma treatment?

A

No pupillary or vision changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What class of drugs is acetazolamide?

A

Diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mechanism of acetazolamide in glaucoma treatment?

A

Decrease aqueous humor synthesis via inhibition of carbonic anhydrase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What class of drugs are pilocarpine and carbachol?

A

Direct cholinomimetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mechanism of pilocarpine and carbachol in glaucoma treatment?

A

Increase outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscles and opening of trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Side effects of pilocarpine and carbachol in glaucoma treatment

A

Miosis

Cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What class of drugs are physostigmine and echothiophate?

A

Indirect cholinomimetic (AChE inhibitor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the mechanism of physostigmine nad echothiphate in glaucoma treatment?

A

Increased outflow of aqueous humor via contraction of ciliary muscles and opening of trabecular meshwork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Side effects of physostigmine and echothiophate use in treatment of glaucoma

A

Miosis and cyclospasm (contraction of ciliary muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What class of drugs is latanoprost (PGF2alpha)

A

Prostaglandin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the mechanism of latanoprost in treating glaucoma?

A

Increase outflow of aqueous humor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a side-effect of latanoprost in glaucoma treatment?

A

Darkens color of iris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kinds of epilepsy does phenytion treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

Absence

Status epilepticus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the mechanism of phenytoin in seizure treatment?

A

Increase sodium channel inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Phenytoin is the 1st line treatment for which forms of epilepsy?

A

Tonic-clonic

Status epilepticus (1st line for prophylaxis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What forms of epilepsy is carbamazepine used for?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

25
Q

Carbamazepine is 1st line treatment for which forms of epilepsy?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-Clonic

26
Q

What is the mechanism of carbamazepine in epilepsy treatment?

A

Increase sodium channel inactivation

27
Q

What forms of epilepsy does Lamotrigine treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

28
Q

What is the mechanism of lamotrigine in treatment of epilepsy?

A

Blocks voltage gated sodium channels

29
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does gabapentin treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

30
Q

What is the mechanism of gabapentin in epilepsy treatment?

A

Desgined as GABA analog but primarily inhibits high voltage activated Ca channels

31
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does topiramate treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

32
Q

What is the mechanism of topiramate in epilepsy treatment?

A

blocks sodium channels

Increase GABA action

33
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does phenobarbital treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

34
Q

What is the mechanism of phenobarbital in epilepsy treatment?

A

Increase GABAA action

35
Q

Which drug is the 1st line of treatment for epilepsy in children?

A

phenobarbital

36
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does valproic acid treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

Absence

37
Q

Which form of epilepsy is valproic acid a first line drug for?

A

Tonic-clonic

38
Q

What is the mechanism of valproic acid in epilepsy treatment?

A

Increase sodium channel inactivation

Increase GABA concentration

39
Q

Which drug is the first line of treatment for absence epilepsy?

A

Ethosuximide

40
Q

What is the mechanism of ethosuximide in epilepsy treatment?

A

Blocks thalamine T-type Ca channels

41
Q

Which form of epilepsy is benzodiazepine used for?

A

1st line for acute status epilepticus

42
Q

What is the mechanism of benzodiazepine in epilepsy treatment?

A

Increase GABAA action

43
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does tiagabine treat?

A

Simple

Complex

44
Q

What is the mechanism of tiagabine in epilepsy treatment?

A

Inhibits GABA reuptake

45
Q

What forms of epilepsy does vigabatrin treat?

A

Simple

Complex

46
Q

What is the mechanism of vigabatrin in epilepsy treatment?

A

Irreversibly inhibits GABA transaminase to increase GABA

47
Q

Which forms of epilepsy does levetiracetam treat?

A

Simple

Complex

Tonic-clonic

48
Q

What is the mechanism of levetiracetam in epilepsy treatment?

A

Unknown

May modulate GABA and glutamate release

49
Q

Toxicity of benzodiazepine

A

Sedation

tolerance

Dependence

50
Q

Toxicity of carbamazepine

A

Diplopia

Ataxia

Blood dyscrasias

Liver toxicity

Teratogenesis

Induction of cytochrome P-450

SIADH

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

51
Q

Toxicity of ethosuximide

A

Fatigue

GI distress

Headache

Urticaria

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

“EFGH” - Ethosuximide: Fatigue, GI distress, Headache

52
Q

Toxicity of phenobarbital

A

Sedation

Tolerance

Dependance

Induction of Cytochrome P-450

53
Q

Toxicity of phenytoin

A

Nystagmus

Diplopia

Ataxia

Sedation

Gingival hyperplasia

Hirsutism

Megaloblastic anemia

Teratogenesis

SLE-like syndrome

Induction of Cyt P-450

Lymphadenopathy

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Osteopenia

54
Q

Toxicity of valproic acid

A

GI distress

rare but fatal hepatotoxicity

Neural tube defects in fetus (spina bifida)

Tremor

Weight gain

55
Q

Toxicity of lamotrigine

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

56
Q

Toxicity of gabapentin

A

Sedation

Ataxia

57
Q

Toxicity of topiramate

A

Sedation

Mental dulling

Kidney stones

Weight loss

58
Q

Which epilepsy drugs may cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

A

Carbamazepine

Phenytoin

Lamotrigine

Ethosuximide

“Steven-Johnson Can Peel Lots of Epidermis”

CNS Pathology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions