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ABD 313 > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what things related to trauma we can see sonographically:

A

Tissue fractures, lacerations, capsule tears, subcapsular hematomas

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2
Q

What is a hematoma?

A

Localized mass of extravasated blood that is confined within an organ, tissue, or space

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3
Q

What is a seroma?

A

A mass caused by the localized accumulation of serum within a tissue or organ

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4
Q

What is a subcapsular hematoma?

A

A hematoma located in the subcapsular space of an organ

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5
Q

What is a lymphocele?

A

A cystic collection containing lymph, often seen after surgical procedures

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6
Q

What is a urinoma?

A

A cystic collection of extravasated urine

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7
Q

What is a pseudocyst?

A

Walled off fluid collection that forms in response to extravasated enzymes

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8
Q

What is a renal laceration?

A

Tearing of the renal tissues

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9
Q

What is hemobilia?

A

Presence of blood in the biliary tree

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10
Q

What is a biloma?

A

Encapsulated collection of bile in the peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

What is pneumobilia?

A

Air within the biliary tree

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12
Q

What is a bezoar?

A

Mass of foreign material

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13
Q

What is the clinical presentation of trauma dependent on?

A

Severity of trauma, area damaged, and time period

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14
Q

Describe the acute appearance of a hematoma (<24 hours):

A

Echogenic

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15
Q

Describe the appearance of a hematoma within one week:

A

Decrease in echogenicity

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16
Q

Describe the appearance of a hematoma 2-3 weeks post trauma:

A

Less defined (becomes more isoechoic)

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17
Q

What is the most common site of hepatic injury in the liver?

A

Right posterior segment

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18
Q

What is perivascular laceration?

A

Laceration that parallels the vessels

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19
Q

What is a liver fracture?

A

Laceration extending between 2 visceral surfaces

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20
Q

What are the most common causes of trauma to the spleen?

A

MVA or rib trauma

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21
Q

How can you determine whether the capsule is in tact or broken?

A

If the fluid conforms to the shape, subcapsular. If irregular, hemoperitoneum

22
Q

What are the most common causes of biliary tree and pancreas trauma?

A

Percutaneous procedures, liver biopsies

23
Q

What may biliary tree and pancreas trauma result in?

A

Hemobilia, jaundice, pneumobilia, biloma, or pseudocysts

24
Q

How do lacerations appear sonographically?

A

Linear defect

25
Q

70% of bladder trauma is associated with what?

A

Pelvic fracture

26
Q

What are the two types of adrenal gland trauma?

A

Spontaneous and post-traumatic hemorrhage

27
Q

What would spontaneous hemorrhage of the adrenal glands be caused by?

A

Anticoagulation therapy, severe stress, blood abnormalities

28
Q

Where would post-traumatic hemorrhage of the adrenal glands be seen?

A

Predominantly in the medulla

29
Q

Which adrenal is affected more often by post traumatic hemorrhage?

A

Right

30
Q

What is the most common cause of adrenal mass in neonates?

A

Post traumatic hemorrhage

31
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma

32
Q

In the retroperitoneum, hematomas may be residing in where?

A

Psoas muscle and perinephric space

33
Q

In the retroperitoneum, abscesses may be residing in where?

A

Perinephric space

34
Q

In the retroperitoneum, urinomas may appear as what?

A

Anechoic collection

35
Q

Hernias occur due to what?

A

Weakening in the abdominal wall muscles, viscera protrudes through

36
Q

What are risk factors for an acquired hernia?

A

Increased age

37
Q

What is a reducible hernia?

A

Can be pushed back into place

38
Q

What is an incarcerated hernia?

A

Irreducible, trapped

39
Q

What is a strangulated hernia?

A

Blood supply cut off/tissue swells, medical emergency

40
Q

What is the most common form of hernia?

A

Inguinal

41
Q

Who gets a direct inguinal hernia?

A

Older men (acquired)

42
Q

Who gets an indirect inguinal hernia?

A

Young men (congenital)

43
Q

List the types of hernias: (8)

A
  • Umbilical
  • Epigastric (widest part of the linea alba)
  • Inguinal (direct and indirect)
  • Spigelian (lat abd wall)
  • Lumbar
  • Ventral
  • Femoral
  • Incision
44
Q

Describe hemiorrhaphy in regards to hernia treatment:

A

Large incision, muscle sewn over defect

45
Q

Describe hernioplasty in regards to hernia treatment:

A

Incision, prosthetic mesh inserted

46
Q

Describe laproscopic method in regards to hernia treatment:

A

Small incision

47
Q

How does a rectus sheath hematoma appear sonographicallly?

A

Complex fluid collection in region of rectus abdominal muscles

48
Q

What is the classic triad of Trauma?

A
  1. Hemodynamic instability (shock)
  2. Pain and tenderness
  3. Rigid abdomen
49
Q

What lab test indicates trauma?

A

Low hematocrit (low RBC volume)

50
Q

What is the primary method of imaging to detect a bleed?

A

CT

ABD 313 (11 decks)

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