Congenital Flashcards
What is a variant?
Non-pathological variation of anatomy
What is an anomaly?
Major or minor abnormality of anatomy that is more probable to interfere with function
What is an HCB?
Hypertrophied Column of Bertin
Which urinary tract variant consists of a double layer of cortex between medullary pyramids?
HCB
Where does a hypertrophied column of bertin indent the renal sinus and where is it located?
Indents Laterally
Located in the upper or middle portion of kidney
An HCB should not be greater than what measurement in any dimension?
> 3cm
A junctional parenchymal defect is:
- Due to what?
- How does it appear?
- Where is it seen more often?
Incomplete embryological fusion
Hyperechoic wedge that can be confused with scarring
Seen more on right only because we see the RT KID better
Where is an extra renal pelvis located?
Medial to the renal sinus
Patients with an extra renal pelvis may be more prone to what?
Hydronephrosis (that can decompress when put in prone position)
A dromedary hump involves which aspect of the left kidney?
Lateral aspect
What is important to visualize in order to differentiate a dromedary hump from a mass?
CM junction
What is fetal lobulation?
Infolding of the cortex with no thinning, scalloped contour
What percentage of adult kidneys have some persistent lobulation?
51%
What is renal sinus lipomatosis?
Excessive fatty infiltration of the renal sinus
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the UT?
Duplicated collecting system
What are the two kinds of duplicated collecting systems?
Complete and incomplete
With complete duplicated collecting systems the superior ureter will have what kind of insertion?
Ectopic bladder insertion
What happens with an incomplete duplicated collecting system?
Duplicated ureters join before inserting into the bladder
What is a duplicated collecting system associated with? (4)
UPJ obstruction, uterus didelphys, reflux, and ureterocele
What is a ureterocele?
Cystic dilatation of the terminal ureter which protrudes into the urinary bladder
What do patients with ureteroceles have a high incidence of?
UTI’s and obstruction
What is a horseshoe kidney?
Fusion of the kidneys at the lower poles
Horseshoe kidneys can lead to an increased risk for what?
Infection and stone formation
What is important to visualize in order to confirm the presence of a horseshoe kidney?
Renal tissue that connects the lower poles (Isthmus)