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EMT > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

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1
Q

Compensated Shock

A

Patient is developing shock but the body is still able to maintain perfusion.

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2
Q

Decompensated Shock

A

Body can no longer compensate for low blood volume or inadequate perfusion. Decreased blood pressure becomes evident.

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3
Q

Hemorrhagic Shock

A

Shock from severe blood loss

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4
Q

Hypoperfusion

A

Inability to adequately supply blood to the body’s cells.

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5
Q

Hypovolemic shock

A

Shock resulting from blood or fluid loss

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6
Q

Neurogenic shock

A

Hypo-perfusion due to nerve paralysis sometimes caused by spinal injury that increases blood vessel dilation which increases the volume of the circulatory system beyond what it can be filled

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7
Q

Perfusion

A

The supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the body’s cells and tissues as a result of the flow of blood thru the capillaries.

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8
Q

Pressure dressing

A

Bulky dressing held in place by a tightly wrapped Bandage

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9
Q

Shock

A

The body’s inability to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to supply them with O2 and nutrients which is a life-threatening issue. Also known as Hypoperfusion

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10
Q

Types of injuries

A 
Abrasion
Amputation
Avulsion
Contusion
Laceration
Puncture
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11
Q

Dermis

A

Second layer of skin, contains nerves and blood vessels. Under the epidermis layer.

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12
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer of the skin

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13
Q

Full Thickness Burn

A

Third degree, grey or black charred skin.

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14
Q

Hematoma

A

Swelling caused by the collection of blood under the skin or in damaged tissue as the result of trauma to a blood vessel.

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15
Q

Occlusive Dressing

A

Dressing that forms an airtight seal

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16
Q

Partial Thickness Burn

A

Burn thru the epidermis layer and partially damaging the dermis. Blistering and reddening. Second degree burn.

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17
Q

Rule of nines - adult

A

For Adults

Head and neck
Each upper extremity
Chest
Abdomen
Upper back
Lower back
Buttocks 
Front of each lower extremity
Back of each lower extremity
Genitals = 1
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18
Q

Rule of nines - child/infant

A

18 for the head

14 for each lower extremity

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19
Q

Rule of palms

A

Palm and fingers of patient’s hand = 1 percent

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20
Q

Subcutaneous Layer

A

Layer below the dermis that is made up of fat and soft tissue

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21
Q

Superficial Burn

A

Only involves the Epidermal layer. Redness, 1st degree

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22
Q

Universal Dressing

A

Bulky dressing

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23
Q

Evisceration

A

Intestine or internal organ protruding thru the skin

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24
Q

Flail chest

A

Two or more broken adjacent ribs in two or more places that allows free movement.

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25
Q

Paradoxical Movement

A

Movement in a direction opposite that of the rest of the body.

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26
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Air in the chest cavity

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27
Q

Sucking chest wound

A

Wound that allows air to be sucked into the chest cavity

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28
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

Type of Pneumothorax in which air is prevented from exiting the chest cavity.

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29
Q

Cardiogenic Shock

A

Shock brought on by inadequate pumping action.

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30
Q

Angulated fracture

A

Broken bone segments are at an angle to each other

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31
Q

Cartilage

A

Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps to form body structures such as ears.

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32
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Broken in several places

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33
Q

Compartment syndrome

A

Tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a confined space from swelling, at tight dressing, a cast, etc

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34
Q

Crepitus

A

Grating from bone ends rubbing together

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35
Q

Dislocation

A

Coming apart of a joint

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36
Q

Extremities

A

Includes clavicle, scapula, arms, wrist, hands, pelvis, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

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37
Q

Green stick fracture

A

Incomplete fracture

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38
Q

Joints

A

Places where bones articulate

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39
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone

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40
Q

Sprain

A

Stretching and tearing of ligaments

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41
Q

Strain

A

Muscle tearing or stretching

42
Q

Tendons

A

Connect muscle to bones

43
Q

Air embolism

A

Air in the bloodstream

44
Q

Ataxic Respirations

A

Pattern of irregular and unpredictable breathing caused by brain injury

45
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Controls involuntary functions

46
Q

Central Nervous System

A

Brain and spinal cord

47
Q

Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation

A

Pattern of rapid and deep breathing caused by brain injury

48
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

A

Fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

49
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

A

Pattern of quickening and deepening breathing followed by apnea

50
Q

Concussion

A

Mild closed head injury without detectable damage

51
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise to the head great enough to rupture blood vessels

52
Q

Cranium

A

Bony structure making up the forehead, top, back and upper sides of the skull

53
Q

Dermatone

A

Area of the skin that is innervated by a single spinal nerve

54
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Opening at the base of the skull where where the spinal cord passes thru

55
Q

Hematoma

A

Collection of blood within the skull or the brain

56
Q

Herniation

A

Pushing of a portion of the brain downward toward the foramen magnum as a result of increased cranium pressure

57
Q

Intracranial pressure

A

Pressure inside the skull

58
Q

Maylar

A

The cheekbone, AKA the zygomatic bone

59
Q

Mandible

A

Lower jawbone

60
Q

Maxillae

A

Two fused upper bones of the jaw

61
Q

Nasal bones

A

Form the upper third of the nose

62
Q

Orbits

A

Bony area making up the eye sockets

63
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Nerves that enter and exit the spinal cord between the vertebrae, the twelve pairs of cranial nerves that pass between the brain and body organs without passing thru the spinal cord, and all of the body’s other sensory and motor nerves.

64
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

Blockage in the blood circulation of the lung caused by a blood clot or an air bubble.

65
Q

Spinous process

A

Bony bump on a vertebrae

66
Q

Temporal bone

A

Bone that forms part of the side of the skull and floor of the cranial cavity. Right and left temporal bones.

67
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Moveable joint between the mandible and the temporal bone also called the TMJ

68
Q

Central Rewarming

A

Application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of the hypothermic patient

69
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one material to another thru direct contact

70
Q

Convection

A

Carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, or other gases or liquids.

71
Q

Passive Rewarming

A

Passive steps to help protect the body from further cooling and help itself to rewarm.

72
Q

Radiation

A

Sending out heat in waves into the air

73
Q

Respiration

A

Breathing, source of heat loss

74
Q

Abruptio Plancentae

A

Placenta separates from the uterine wall causing pre birth bleeding

75
Q

Afterbirth

A

The placenta, membranes of the amniotic sac, portions of the umbilical cord, some tissues of the uterine lining,

76
Q

Amniotic sac

A

“Bag of waters” that surrounds the developing fetus

77
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

Irregular pre labor contractions of the uterus

78
Q

Breech presentation

A

When the baby’s buttocks or both legs present first

79
Q

Cephalon presentation

A

Baby’s head presents first. Normal birth

80
Q

Cervix

A

Neck of the uterus, entrance to the birth canal,

81
Q

Crowning

A

Part of the baby becomes visible in the vaginal opening

82
Q

Eclampsia

A

A severe complication of pregnancy that produces seizures and coma

83
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Implantation of a fertilized egg in the wall of the cervix, Fallopian tube, or the abdominopelvic wall

84
Q

Embryo

A

Fertilization to 8 weeks

85
Q

Labia

A

Soft tissue that protects the vagina

86
Q

Litening

A

Sensation of the fetus moving from high in the abdomen to low in the birth canal

87
Q

Limb presentation

A

When one of the limbs presents first before any other body part

88
Q

Meconium staining

A

Amniotic fluid that is greenish or brownish-yellow as a result of fetal dedication. Indication of possible fetal or maternal stress during delivery.

89
Q

Mons pubis

A

Soft tissue that covers the pubic symphysis where the hair grows

90
Q

Neonate

A

New born to 1 month

91
Q

Ovary

A

Produces ovum

92
Q

Perineum

A

Surface area between the vagina and the anus

93
Q

Placenta

A

Organ where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs

94
Q

Placenta Previa

A

Placenta is formed in an abnormal location (low in the uterus and close to or over the cervical opening). Will not allow a normal delivery and responsible for excessive prebirth bleeding.

95
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Woman retains large amounts of fluid and hypertension. She may experience seizures and/or coma during birth. Very dangerous to the infant.

96
Q

Premature infant

A

Any weighing less than 5 1/2 pounds or less than 37 weeks

97
Q

Prolapsed umbilical cord

A

Umbilical cord is presented first and squeezed between uterine wall and the infants head

98
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Delivery of fetus and placenta before the 28th week of pregnancy. AKA miscarriage .

99
Q

Stillborn

A

Born dead

100
Q

Supine Hypotensive Syndrome

A

Dizziness and a drop in blood pressure when a patient is placed in a supine position and the weight of the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid compress the inferior vena cava reducing return of blood to the hear and cardiac output.

101
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Structure that contains blood vessels that carry blood to and from the placenta.

102
Q

Uterus

A

Muscular abdominal organ where the fetus develops in the womb

EMT (17 decks)

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