Trauma

Question 1

Factors affecting bone healing

Answer 1

Blood supply, Stability, Nutrition, Diabetes, Smoking, HIV, NSAIDs, Steroids

Question 2

Pathology of compartment syndrome

Answer 2

Swelling increases pressure in a compartment leading to compression of the veins further increasing pressure leading to arterial compression

Question 3

Causes of compartment syndrome

Answer 3

Trauma, Tight casts, Burns, Arterial injury, Extravasation of an IV infusion

Question 4

Symptoms of compartment syndrome

Answer 4

Pain (not relieved by analgesia)

Question 5

Signs of compartment syndrome

Answer 5

Swelling, Signs of ischaemia

Question 6

Investigations for compartment syndrome

Answer 6

X-ray, Compartment pressure measurement

Question 7

Management of compartment syndrome

Answer 7

Conservative: Remove dressings, Observation
Surgical: Fasciotomy

Question 8

Key questions for a trauma history

Answer 8

Mechanism, Severity, Location (infection risk), Cause (other medical issues)

Question 9

Examination of a trauma patient

Answer 9

Neurovascular status, Obvious deformity, Palpate limb, joint examination

Question 10

Investigations for a trauma patient

Answer 10

X-ray, CT, MRI

Question 11

Indications for CT in a trauma patient

Answer 11

Commuted, Intra-articular

Question 12

Indications for MRI in a trauma patient

Answer 12

Undisplaced fracture, Assess soft tissue damage

Question 13

General management for a trauma patient

Answer 13

Reduction, and Stabilisation

Question 14

Forms of reduction for a fracture

Answer 14

Closed or open

Question 15

Forms of stabilisation for a fracture

Answer 15

Cast, Percutaneous pinning, Internal fixation

Question 16

Indication for the use of screws as a form of fixation

Answer 16

Oblique fracture

Question 17

Indications for the use of nail as a form of fixation

Answer 17

Used for long bones

Question 18

General steps for closed reduction

Answer 18

Analgesia, Traction, Exaggerate, Reduce (Reverse mechanism)

Question 19

Initial management of an open fracture

Answer 19

Remove gross containments, Stabilisation, Antibiotics, Tetnus booster, Photograph, Cover in saline soaked gauze

Question 20

Definitive management of an open fracture

Answer 20

Debridement and irrigation, Internal fixation

Question 21

Most common pathogens causing septic arthritis

Answer 21

Staph aureus, Neisseria Gonorrhoea

Question 22

Symptoms of septic arthrits

Answer 22

Pain, Inability to weight bear, Decreased range of movement

Question 23

Signs of septic arthritis

Answer 23

Fever, Erythema, Effusion, Tenderness, Pain on movement

Question 24

Investigations for septic arthritis

Answer 24

Bloods (raised CRP, WCC), Joint aspiration, X-ray, USS, MRI

Question 25

Management for septic arthritis

Answer 25

Medical: Antibiotics
Surgical: Irrigation

Question 26

Structures at risk in shoulder dislocation

Answer 26

Axillary nerve, Axillary artery, Brachial artery

Question 27

Symptoms of shoulder dislocation

Answer 27

Pain, Loss of movement

Question 28

Signs of shoulder dislocation

Answer 28

Visible displacement, Externally rotated and abducted

Question 29

Antibiotic choice in open fracture

Answer 29

Co-amoxiclav

Question 30

Investigations for shoulder dislocation

Answer 30

X-ray (AP and Y)

Question 31

Management for shoulder dislocation

Answer 31

Analgesia, Reduction, Sling

Question 32

Forms of reduction for shoulder dislocation

Answer 32

Kocker’s, External rotation

Question 33

Complications of shoudler dislocation

Answer 33

Hill-sach’s lesion, Bankart lesion

Question 34

Describe a Hill-sach’s lesion

Answer 34

Depression in the humeral head

Question 35

Describe a Bankart lesion

Answer 35

Damage to the inferior glenoid labrum

Question 36

Incidence of bony lesions after a shoulder dislocation

Answer 36

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