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Orthopaedics > Knee disease > Flashcards

Knee disease Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of a meniscal tear

A

Pain (on the lateral aspect), Locking, swelling

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2
Q

Signs of a meniscal tear

A

Joint line tenderness, Effusion, Positive McMurray’s sign

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3
Q

Describe McMurrays test

A

Place pressure on the joint line, extend the knee, positive if there is pain - (meniscal tear)

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4
Q

Investigations for a meniscal tear

A

MRI

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5
Q

MRI findings with a meniscal tear

A

White streak, Bow tie sign

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6
Q

Management of a meniscal tear

A

Conservative: Rest
Medical: NSAIDs
Surgical: Menisectomy, Repair, Transplantation

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7
Q

Mechanism of injury for an ACL tear

A

Non-impact pivoting injury

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8
Q

Symptoms of an ACL tear

A

Pain, Haemarthrosis, Instability on turning

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9
Q

Signs of an ACL tear

A

Effusion, Positive Lachman’s test, Positive Pivot shift test

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10
Q

Describe Lachmans tests

A

Fold the knee in 30 degree of flexion and provide anterior stress, positive if tibia moves anteriorly - (ACL tear)

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11
Q

Describe Pivot shift test

A

Apply valgus stress and external rotation on the knee, positive if knee reduces on extension - (ACL tear)

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12
Q

Investigations for an ACL tear

A

MRI

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13
Q

Management of an ACL tear

A

Conservative: Physiotherapy, Rest
Surgical: Reconstruction

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14
Q

Indications for surgery in ACL tear

A

Instability in young and active

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15
Q

Mechanisms of injury for a PCL tear

A

Hyperflexion, Hyperextension, Blow to tibia in a flexed knee

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16
Q

Symptoms of a PCL tear

A

Symptoms of a PCL tear

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17
Q

Signs of a PCL tear

A

Posterior sag

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18
Q

Investigations for a PCL tear

19
Q

Mechanisms of injury for an MCL tear

A

Valgus stress, External rotation

20
Q

Symptoms of an MCL tear

A

Pain (medial joint), Instability

21
Q

Signs of an MCL tear

A

Tender medial joint line, Effusion, Positive valgus stress test

22
Q

Mechanism of injury of an LCL tear

A

Varus stress

23
Q

Symptoms of an LCL tear

A

Pain (lateral joint), Instability (on extension)

24
Q

Signs of an LCL tear

A

Lateral joint line tenderness, Positive Varus stress test

25
Mechanism of injury for patellar tendonitis/rupture
Repeated knee extension ie jumping
26
Symptoms of patellar tendonitis
Pain (inferior of patella, worse on activity and prolonged flexion)
27
Signs of patellar tendonitis
Tenderness over inferior patella, Basset's sign
28
Describe Bassets sign
Tenderness over the distal patella when knee is extended - (patellar tendonitis)
29
Investigations for patellar tendonitis and findings
USS - thickened tendon | MRI - thickened tendon
30
Management of patellar tendonitis
Conservative: Rest, Ice Medical: Cortisone injection Surgery: Repair
31
Symptoms of patellar tendon rupture
Pain (inferior patella), Inability to weight bear
32
Signs of patellar tendon rupture
Higher patella, haemarthrosis, Palpable gap in tendon, Inability to straight leg raise
33
Investigations for patellar tendon rupture
USS, MRI
34
Management of patellar tendon rupture
Conservative: Immobilisation in extension Surgical: Repair, Reconstruction
35
Mechanism of injury of quadriceps tendonitis/rupture
Repeated extension ie jumping
36
Symptoms of quadriceps tendonitis
Pain (superior patella), Swelling
37
Signs of quadriceps tendonitis
Tenderness over the quadriceps tendon
38
Investigations for quadriceps tendonitis
USS, MRI
39
Management of quadriceps tendonitis
Medical: NSAIDs Surgical: Debridement
40
Symptoms of quadriceps tendon rupture
Pain (over the quadriceps tendon)
41
Signs of quadriceps tendon rupture
Gap in quadriceps tendon, Inability to straigh leg raise, Unable to extend knee
42
Investigations for quadriceps tendon rupture
USS, MRI
43
Management of quadriceps tendon rupture
Conservative: Immobilisation Surgical: tendon repair

Orthopaedics (9 decks)

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