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Orthopaedics > Knee disease > Flashcards

Knee disease Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of a meniscal tear

A

Pain (on the lateral aspect), Locking, swelling

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2
Q

Signs of a meniscal tear

A

Joint line tenderness, Effusion, Positive McMurray’s sign

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3
Q

Describe McMurrays test

A

Place pressure on the joint line, extend the knee, positive if there is pain - (meniscal tear)

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4
Q

Investigations for a meniscal tear

A

MRI

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5
Q

MRI findings with a meniscal tear

A

White streak, Bow tie sign

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6
Q

Management of a meniscal tear

A

Conservative: Rest
Medical: NSAIDs
Surgical: Menisectomy, Repair, Transplantation

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7
Q

Mechanism of injury for an ACL tear

A

Non-impact pivoting injury

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8
Q

Symptoms of an ACL tear

A

Pain, Haemarthrosis, Instability on turning

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9
Q

Signs of an ACL tear

A

Effusion, Positive Lachman’s test, Positive Pivot shift test

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10
Q

Describe Lachmans tests

A

Fold the knee in 30 degree of flexion and provide anterior stress, positive if tibia moves anteriorly - (ACL tear)

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11
Q

Describe Pivot shift test

A

Apply valgus stress and external rotation on the knee, positive if knee reduces on extension - (ACL tear)

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12
Q

Investigations for an ACL tear

A

MRI

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13
Q

Management of an ACL tear

A

Conservative: Physiotherapy, Rest
Surgical: Reconstruction

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14
Q

Indications for surgery in ACL tear

A

Instability in young and active

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15
Q

Mechanisms of injury for a PCL tear

A

Hyperflexion, Hyperextension, Blow to tibia in a flexed knee

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16
Q

Symptoms of a PCL tear

A

Symptoms of a PCL tear

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17
Q

Signs of a PCL tear

A

Posterior sag

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18
Q

Investigations for a PCL tear

19
Q

Mechanisms of injury for an MCL tear

A

Valgus stress, External rotation

20
Q

Symptoms of an MCL tear

A

Pain (medial joint), Instability

21
Q

Signs of an MCL tear

A

Tender medial joint line, Effusion, Positive valgus stress test

22
Q

Mechanism of injury of an LCL tear

A

Varus stress

23
Q

Symptoms of an LCL tear

A

Pain (lateral joint), Instability (on extension)

24
Q

Signs of an LCL tear

A

Lateral joint line tenderness, Positive Varus stress test

25
Q

Mechanism of injury for patellar tendonitis/rupture

A

Repeated knee extension ie jumping

26
Q

Symptoms of patellar tendonitis

A

Pain (inferior of patella, worse on activity and prolonged flexion)

27
Q

Signs of patellar tendonitis

A

Tenderness over inferior patella, Basset’s sign

28
Q

Describe Bassets sign

A

Tenderness over the distal patella when knee is extended - (patellar tendonitis)

29
Q

Investigations for patellar tendonitis and findings

A

USS - thickened tendon

MRI - thickened tendon

30
Q

Management of patellar tendonitis

A

Conservative: Rest, Ice
Medical: Cortisone injection
Surgery: Repair

31
Q

Symptoms of patellar tendon rupture

A

Pain (inferior patella), Inability to weight bear

32
Q

Signs of patellar tendon rupture

A

Higher patella, haemarthrosis, Palpable gap in tendon, Inability to straight leg raise

33
Q

Investigations for patellar tendon rupture

34
Q

Management of patellar tendon rupture

A

Conservative: Immobilisation in extension
Surgical: Repair, Reconstruction

35
Q

Mechanism of injury of quadriceps tendonitis/rupture

A

Repeated extension ie jumping

36
Q

Symptoms of quadriceps tendonitis

A

Pain (superior patella), Swelling

37
Q

Signs of quadriceps tendonitis

A

Tenderness over the quadriceps tendon

38
Q

Investigations for quadriceps tendonitis

39
Q

Management of quadriceps tendonitis

A

Medical: NSAIDs
Surgical: Debridement

40
Q

Symptoms of quadriceps tendon rupture

A

Pain (over the quadriceps tendon)

41
Q

Signs of quadriceps tendon rupture

A

Gap in quadriceps tendon, Inability to straigh leg raise, Unable to extend knee

42
Q

Investigations for quadriceps tendon rupture

43
Q

Management of quadriceps tendon rupture

A

Conservative: Immobilisation
Surgical: tendon repair

Orthopaedics (9 decks)

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