Knee disease Flashcards
Symptoms of a meniscal tear
Pain (on the lateral aspect), Locking, swelling
Signs of a meniscal tear
Joint line tenderness, Effusion, Positive McMurray’s sign
Describe McMurrays test
Place pressure on the joint line, extend the knee, positive if there is pain - (meniscal tear)
Investigations for a meniscal tear
MRI
MRI findings with a meniscal tear
White streak, Bow tie sign
Management of a meniscal tear
Conservative: Rest
Medical: NSAIDs
Surgical: Menisectomy, Repair, Transplantation
Mechanism of injury for an ACL tear
Non-impact pivoting injury
Symptoms of an ACL tear
Pain, Haemarthrosis, Instability on turning
Signs of an ACL tear
Effusion, Positive Lachman’s test, Positive Pivot shift test
Describe Lachmans tests
Fold the knee in 30 degree of flexion and provide anterior stress, positive if tibia moves anteriorly - (ACL tear)
Describe Pivot shift test
Apply valgus stress and external rotation on the knee, positive if knee reduces on extension - (ACL tear)
Investigations for an ACL tear
MRI
Management of an ACL tear
Conservative: Physiotherapy, Rest
Surgical: Reconstruction
Indications for surgery in ACL tear
Instability in young and active
Mechanisms of injury for a PCL tear
Hyperflexion, Hyperextension, Blow to tibia in a flexed knee
Symptoms of a PCL tear
Symptoms of a PCL tear
Signs of a PCL tear
Posterior sag