Trauma Flashcards
Define Pneumomediastinum; state the cause, location and physiologic effect
a
How does the cardiovascular system detect and respond to a sudden decrease in systolic blood pressure (haemorrhagic shock)?
a
What is the common name for peri-orbital region bruising following MVA?
Racoon Eyes?
Compare the clinical presentation of a patient with high cervical spine cord transection to that of thoracolumbar transection
symptoms
What effect does developing cardiac tamponade have on the CVS and its ability to maintain systemic perfusion?
a
What are the potential issues associated with performing a chest decompression?
a
Outline the coagulation cascade and explain how excessive crystalloid fluid replacement can interfere with this process
a
Name the 4 functions of bone in the human body
a
What are the time critical factors in ASA practice
a
List the 4 classifications of skull fractures
a
What are two common fracture sites that can lead to compartment injury?
a
What are 4 hallmark signs of a basilar skull fracture?
a
List the principal facial bones
a
Outline the components of the neurological status assessment
a
List the types of vertebrae and the number of each
Cranial (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5) , Sacral (5, fused into 1 at maturity), Coccygeal (3-5, usually 4)
What is the aim of splinting?
a
What is the Young-Burgess classification of pelvic fracture? Outline 3 types of fracture
a
What are 3 mechanisms of injury that can lead to pelvic fracture?
a
List 4 benefits of pelvic reduction/splinting
a
Identify the following pelvic structures at A, B, C, D, E, F
A -
B -
C -
D-
E -
F -
Define SHOCK
a
Give a definition for isotonic solution
answer
Give two causes of non-traumatic hypovolaemic shock
- internal haemorrage
- AAA?
List 4 types of shock and provide an example of each
1.
2.
3.
4.
Outline the difference between primary and secondary brain injury and give one example of each
Primary -
Secondary -
Describe the renin-angiotensinogen-angiotensin pathyway and explain how endocrine mediators attempt to maintain perfusion in the presence of hypovolaemic shock
a
Explain the reason for application of a traction splint in mid-shaft fractures of the femur
a
Describe an ‘open book’ fracture of the pelvis and explain why this injury may be life threatening
a
