Trauma

Question 1

Define Pneumomediastinum; state the cause, location and physiologic effect

Answer 1

a

Question 2

How does the cardiovascular system detect and respond to a sudden decrease in systolic blood pressure (haemorrhagic shock)?

Answer 2

a

Question 3

What is the common name for peri-orbital region bruising following MVA?

Answer 3

Racoon Eyes?

Question 4

Compare the clinical presentation of a patient with high cervical spine cord transection to that of thoracolumbar transection

Answer 4

symptoms

Question 5

What effect does developing cardiac tamponade have on the CVS and its ability to maintain systemic perfusion?

Answer 5

a

Question 6

What are the potential issues associated with performing a chest decompression?

Answer 6

a

Question 7

Outline the coagulation cascade and explain how excessive crystalloid fluid replacement can interfere with this process

Answer 7

a

Question 8

Name the 4 functions of bone in the human body

Answer 8

a

Question 9

What are the time critical factors in ASA practice

Answer 9

a

Question 10

List the 4 classifications of skull fractures

Answer 10

a

Question 11

What are two common fracture sites that can lead to compartment injury?

Answer 11

a

Question 12

What are 4 hallmark signs of a basilar skull fracture?

Answer 12

a

Question 13

List the principal facial bones

Answer 13

a

Question 14

Outline the components of the neurological status assessment

Answer 14

a

Question 15

List the types of vertebrae and the number of each

Answer 15

Cranial (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5) , Sacral (5, fused into 1 at maturity), Coccygeal (3-5, usually 4)

Question 16

What is the aim of splinting?

Answer 16

a

Question 17

What is the Young-Burgess classification of pelvic fracture? Outline 3 types of fracture

Answer 17

a

Question 18

What are 3 mechanisms of injury that can lead to pelvic fracture?

Answer 18

a

Question 19

List 4 benefits of pelvic reduction/splinting

Answer 19

a

Question 20

Identify the following pelvic structures at A, B, C, D, E, F

Answer 20

A -

B -

C -

D-

E -

F -

Question 21

Define SHOCK

Answer 21

a

Question 22

Give a definition for isotonic solution

Answer 22

answer

Question 23

Give two causes of non-traumatic hypovolaemic shock

Answer 23

1. internal haemorrage
2. AAA?

Question 24

List 4 types of shock and provide an example of each

Answer 24

1.

2.

3.

4.

Question 25

Outline the difference between primary and secondary brain injury and give one example of each

Answer 25

Primary -

Secondary -

Question 26

Describe the renin-angiotensinogen-angiotensin pathyway and explain how endocrine mediators attempt to maintain perfusion in the presence of hypovolaemic shock

Answer 26

a

Question 27

Explain the reason for application of a traction splint in mid-shaft fractures of the femur

Answer 27

a

Question 28

Describe an ‘open book’ fracture of the pelvis and explain why this injury may be life threatening

Answer 28

a