Trauma

Question 1

What are common risk factors of trauma?

Answer 1

males, low socioeconomic status, ethnicity, drug/alcohol
use, psychiatric comorbidity, country of residence.

Question 2

what is Common pathophysiology associated with trauma?

Answer 2

shock states,
systemic inflammatory response,
infection,
cell death

Question 3

What are Common treatments used after a trauma?

Answer 3

pre-hospital care, resuscitation, haemorrhage control,
damage control surgery, intensive care, rehabilitation

Question 4

Which prevention is used Pre-event

Answer 4

Primary prevention

Question 5

Which prevention stage is used during the event?

Answer 5

Secondary prevention

Question 6

Which prevention level is used post-event?

Answer 6

Tertiary prevention

Question 7

What factors affect the Pre-event?
Human and vehicle

Answer 7

Human/Host - driver intoxication, Experience
Vector/ vehicle - condition of breaks / tires, window bars at high elevations, accessibility of moving parts in machinery

Question 8

What factors affect the EVENT?
Human and vehicle

Answer 8

Human/host - use of seatbelts
Vector / vehicle - airbags, collapsible steering column and side impact protection

Question 9

What are the factors that affect post event?
human and vehicle

Answer 9

Human/host - age or physical conditioning
Vector / Vehicle - Integrity of fuel systems / fire proof gas tank

Question 10

What are the different flavors of trauma?

Answer 10

Low energy vs Hight energy
Penetrating vs non-penetrating (blunt)

Question 11

What course do trauma staff attend?

Answer 11

ETC - European Trauma course
ATLS - advanced trauma life support

Question 12

How do we ensure that trauma patient get directed to the correct level of care?

Answer 12

Using a Trauma network

Question 13

What is a MTC?

Answer 13

Major trauma center

Question 14

What imaging Is used in Major trauma?

Answer 14

Plain film
US
CT
MRI
IR

Question 15

How is X-ray used for Major trauma?

Answer 15

CXR, Pelvis XR
Although the role is decreasing

Question 16

How is US used for Major trauma?

Answer 16

Fast scan - limited resource for limited setting / mass casulty
POCUS for traumatic cardiac arest/ low output state in trauma (LOST)

Question 17

What is POCUS?

Answer 17

Point of care ultrasonography

Question 18

What does the acronym LOST stand for in trauma?

Answer 18

Low output state in trauma

Question 19

How and why is CT used during major trauma?

Answer 19

Accessible, very fast, highly sensitive for detection of injuries
Variable protocols - Single phase vs dual phase vs non-con

Question 20

What is MR used for mainly in major truama?

Answer 20

Spinal cord pathology

Question 21

What is IR used for as part of major trauma?

Answer 21

Categorisation of bleeding in vascular trauma

Question 22

What are some of the key recommendations in the adults RCR guidelines?

Answer 22

Consultant-led reporting
Primary report immediately; full
report within 1h.
Rapid decision for WBCT in
unstable patients.
Default to WBCT in blast injury.
Access to IR within 30min.
Access to MRI within 12h.
Recommends simulation of
transfer to CT

Question 23

What are key RCR recommendations for children?

Answer 23

Adhere to ALARP
Selective Imaging
MRI preferred for spine
Blast injury: CT based on shrapnel
location and likely cause of
instability (can use scout image to
help decide)

Question 24

what is CT also called?

Answer 24

Donut of truth