Trauma Flashcards
What are common risk factors of trauma?
males, low socioeconomic status, ethnicity, drug/alcohol
use, psychiatric comorbidity, country of residence.
what is Common pathophysiology associated with trauma?
shock states,
systemic inflammatory response,
infection,
cell death
What are Common treatments used after a trauma?
pre-hospital care, resuscitation, haemorrhage control,
damage control surgery, intensive care, rehabilitation
Which prevention is used Pre-event
Primary prevention
Which prevention stage is used during the event?
Secondary prevention
Which prevention level is used post-event?
Tertiary prevention
What factors affect the Pre-event?
Human and vehicle
Human/Host - driver intoxication, Experience
Vector/ vehicle - condition of breaks / tires, window bars at high elevations, accessibility of moving parts in machinery
What factors affect the EVENT?
Human and vehicle
Human/host - use of seatbelts
Vector / vehicle - airbags, collapsible steering column and side impact protection
What are the factors that affect post event?
human and vehicle
Human/host - age or physical conditioning
Vector / Vehicle - Integrity of fuel systems / fire proof gas tank
What are the different flavors of trauma?
Low energy vs Hight energy
Penetrating vs non-penetrating (blunt)
What course do trauma staff attend?
ETC - European Trauma course
ATLS - advanced trauma life support
How do we ensure that trauma patient get directed to the correct level of care?
Using a Trauma network
What is a MTC?
Major trauma center
What imaging Is used in Major trauma?
Plain film
US
CT
MRI
IR
How is X-ray used for Major trauma?
CXR, Pelvis XR
Although the role is decreasing
How is US used for Major trauma?
Fast scan - limited resource for limited setting / mass casulty
POCUS for traumatic cardiac arest/ low output state in trauma (LOST)
What is POCUS?
Point of care ultrasonography
What does the acronym LOST stand for in trauma?
Low output state in trauma
How and why is CT used during major trauma?
Accessible, very fast, highly sensitive for detection of injuries
Variable protocols - Single phase vs dual phase vs non-con
What is MR used for mainly in major truama?
Spinal cord pathology
What is IR used for as part of major trauma?
Categorisation of bleeding in vascular trauma
What are some of the key recommendations in the adults RCR guidelines?
Consultant-led reporting
Primary report immediately; full
report within 1h.
Rapid decision for WBCT in
unstable patients.
Default to WBCT in blast injury.
Access to IR within 30min.
Access to MRI within 12h.
Recommends simulation of
transfer to CT
What are key RCR recommendations for children?
Adhere to ALARP
Selective Imaging
MRI preferred for spine
Blast injury: CT based on shrapnel
location and likely cause of
instability (can use scout image to
help decide)
what is CT also called?
Donut of truth
What is the definition of a mass casualty incident?
A mass casualty incident is an incident (or series of incidents) causing casualties on a scale that is beyond the normal resources of the emergency and healthcare services’ ability to manage. It may involve many casualties with a range of injuries, the response to which will be beyond the capacity of normal major incident procedures to cope and require further measures to appropriately deal with the casualty numbers.
What are the 3 categories of patients in a mass casualty incident?
P1 - requiring immediate lifesaving intervention
P2 - requiring intervention that can be delayed
P3- being walking wounded or minor injuries
What are the factors that hemodynamic stability?
Cardiovascular conditions that affect how your blood flows.
for example: Atherosclerosis, hypertension, hypotension, heart valve issues, heart failure as well as Peripheral artery disease (PAD) or DVT.
What are the signs of haemodynamic instability?
Shortness of breath, fainting, dizziness, tiredness, Pale and cool skin, confusion and an abnormal heart rhythm.
Which 2 acronyms are used during a primary survey?
DRABC or A,B,C,D,E
What is the benefit of a FAST scan?
Rapid Assessment, a quick, bedside ultrasound that can be performed in minutes, allowing for immediate assessment of internal injuries and detection of Free Fluid.
Non-Invasive ( no radiation ),
Portable and Accessible
What does FAST stand for?
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
What is ARDS?
acute respiratory distress syndrome
What does the acronym METHANE stand for?
M - Major incident
E - exact location
T - type of incident
H - Hazards
A - Accesses
N - Number of casualties
E - emergency services required
