katie

Question 1

how many lobes are found in the breast? what shape do they form?

Answer 1

15-20 in a circumferential shape around the nipple.

Question 2

what are the internal structures of breast lobes?

Answer 2

Lobes are comprised of lobules, which contain alveolar clusters which are attached to the ducts

Question 3

What is the Stroma of the breast?

Answer 3

Stroma is the adipose and dense fibrous tissues that are between the lobes.

Question 4

where does the the Arterial supply from the breast come from?

Answer 4

Arterial supply to the medial aspect is from the internal mammary arteries and internal thoracic arteries.
The subclavian arteries supply these arteries.

Question 5

What is the venous drainage of the breast?

Answer 5

superficial veins drain into the plexus of Haller and into the internal mammary and axillary veins.

Question 6

Which are the 4 most common areas for metastasis in breast cancer

Answer 6

lung, liver, bone and brain

Question 7

how long are follow up mammos completed for?

Answer 7

5 years

Question 8

What are the levels of the research hierarchy

Answer 8

TOP - meta-analysis
1.systematic review
2. critically appraised topics
3. critically appraised individual articles
4. Randomised control trials
5. cohort study
6. case-controlled studies
bottom - background information / expert opinion

Question 9

Which 3 of the research hierarchy are filtered information?

Answer 9

systematic review
critically appraised topics
critically appraised articles

Question 10

Which 4 of the research hierarchy are unfiltered information?

Answer 10

randomised control trials
cohort studies
case-controlled studies
background information / expert opinion

Question 11

what is the definition of Equality?

Answer 11

fairness

Question 12

what is Diversity?

Answer 12

Recognising, respecting and celebrating each others differences

Question 13

What is inclusivity?

Answer 13

Creating an environment where everyone feels welcomed and valued

Question 14

what are the protected characteristics under the Equality act 2010?

Answer 14

age
gender / gender reassignment
being married/civil partnership
being pregnant maternity leave
disability
race including colour, nationality, ethnic or national origin
religion or belief
sex
sexual orientation

Question 15

What is direct discrimination?

Answer 15

This occurs when someone is treated less favourably than others because of their protected characteristic

Question 16

What is discrimination by association?

Answer 16

This happens when a person is treated less favourably in a situation because they associate with another person who possesses a protected characteristic

Question 17

What is indirect discrimination?

Answer 17

This can occur where there is a criteria or, practice that applies to a range of workers but disadvantages people with protected characteristics

Question 18

In simple terms what is the human rights act 1998?

Answer 18

to be treated fairly with respect for individuality

Question 19

What does SORs group Equalise do?

Answer 19

Provide a support mechanism for members on equality and diversity issues
Campaign/lobby on issues of concern for members
Provide advice and support for members in the workplace
To become more proactive in the Society and promote equality in the workplace

Question 20

What are the 4 benefits of using AI in imaging?

Answer 20

reduction in false negatives
accuracy
speed
data-driven

Question 21

what is the the role of AI in Medical imaging?

Answer 21

(AI) enables computers and machines to simulate human learning, comprehension, problem-solving, decision-making, creativity and autonomy.

Question 22

How is AI used for breast imaging?

Answer 22

Image Analysis: Automated detection of abnormalities (tumors, fractures).
Segmentation: AI algorithms isolate specific structures in images (organs).
Radiology Reporting: Natural language processing to generate reports from imaging data.
Predictive Analytics: Using imaging data to predict patient outcomes

Question 23

what are the benefits of AI for use in imaging?

Answer 23

Enhanced decision support for clinicians
Increased efficiency and reduced workload
Improved diagnostic accuracy

Question 24

Is this examination clinically justified?

52-year-old female for mammogram as part of breast screening programme.

No- Patient is non symptomatic and does not justify a mammogram

No- Patient is too old to be included as part of the screening programme

No- Patient is too young to be invited as part of the screening programme

Yes- Patient is in the right age category to be invited for a mammogram under the screening programme

Yes- Under breast screening programme everyone should receive an ultrasound and mammogram as part of their screening

Answer 24

Yes- Patient is in the right age category to be invited for a mammogram under the screening programme

Question 25

What are the 4 pillars of advanced practice?

1. Clinical Practice, Research, Management, Science
2. Practice, Education, Management, Marketing
3. Education, Management, Research and Leadership
4. Leadership, Research, Management, Clinical Practice
5. Clinical Practice, Research, Education and Leadership

Answer 25

3. Education, Management, Research and Leadership

Question 26

Which of the following is perceived as the most advanced method of research to base evidence based clinical decisions on?

1. Meta-Analysis
2. Randomised Control Trial
3. Cohort Study
4. Anecdotal Evidence
5. Systematic Review

Answer 26

1. meta analysis