Regina part 2

Question 1

Which organisation sets out the MRI safety regulations?

Answer 1

MRHA - Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

Question 2

What conditions does the MRHA recommend scanning pregnant patients under?

Answer 2

Normal mode
because controlled mode increases the stress on the body, including Peripheral nerve stimulation and heating, posing additional risks to the foetus.

Question 3

On T1 and T2 how does hyper-acute blood appear?

Answer 3

T1 - Iso/hypointense
T2 - hyperintense

Question 4

On T1 and T2 how does acute blood appear?

Answer 4

T1 - slightly hypointense / Isointense
T2 - hypointense

Question 5

On T1 and T2, how does Early-subacute blood appear?

Answer 5

T1 - Hyper intense
T2 - Hypointense

Question 6

On T1 and T2 how does late-subacute blood appear?

Answer 6

Both hyperintense

Question 7

On T1 and T2 how does chronic blood appear?

Answer 7

both hypo-intense

Question 8

How to complete an MR safety questionnaire for a patient who is unable to?

Answer 8

1. family or friends may be able to help
2. The clinical referer can review history and sign the checklist - taking full responsibility
3. Radiologist can review previous imaging to check for implants

Question 9

When scanning an MR patient with a foggy history, what precautions should be taken?

Answer 9

move into the scanner slowly
patients asked to report any unusual sensations (if able)

Scans should be in normal mode at 1.5T unless reasonable justification

Question 10

What monitoring is available for patients during MRI?

Answer 10

pulse rates, electrocardiography (ECG), respiratory rate, pulse oximetry, capnometry, and temperature

Question 11

What is NSF?

Answer 11

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (NSF) a very rare condition in patients with severe renal failure on dialysis

Question 12

What are 3 common MR conditions for an ICP bolt?

Answer 12

Verify that the ICP sensor is workingand disconnect all external cables, wires, and monitors.

To prevent excessive RF-heating of the sensor tip, the non-removable wires must not lie in a straight line and be positioned in a coil-like configuration of several small loops on or near the patient’s head.

Follow all manufacturer-mandated MRI technical parameter limits, including field strength, maximum spatial gradient field, slew rate, and SAR.

Question 13

Which legislation applies to pregnant radiographers?

Answer 13

Management of health and safety at work regulations 1999 (MHSWR)
SOR guidleins
MRHA MR safety guidelines

Question 14

Which legislation applies to pregnant patients in MRI?

Answer 14

IRMER,
ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) guidelines

MRHA safety guidelines

Question 15

what is a normal blood glucose range?

Answer 15

70 mg/dL and 100 mg/dL
or
4 - 7 mmol/l