Trauma

Question 1

Head Trauma

Answer 1

Compression damages scalp and skull
If skull fractures, causes damage to brain
Shearing of brain tissue and rupture of blood vessels around it
Intatraeinal hamorrhage

Question 2

Spine Trauma

Answer 2

Abnormal flexion
Extension
Rotation
Compression

Question 3

Extension

Answer 3

Caused by hanging, traffic collision
Found in cervical and lumbar regions

Question 4

Compression

Answer 4

Wedge fracture most common
Ligaments ruptured
Cervical vertebrae fractured

Question 5

Thorax

Answer 5

Thoracic trauma due to high speed collision
Blood vessels ruptured
Bronchial airways tear
Lungs damage
Leads to pneumothorax
Fractures of rib cage and sternum
Brushing to structures internallyq

Question 6

Abdonmen

Answer 6

Compression happend
Organs crushed increasing pressure
Leads to ruptured organs/diagphram

Question 7

Pelvis and what are the 3 types of forces?

Answer 7

High risk is people with osteoporosis
3 types: lateral compression, anterior-posterior compression and vertical shear

Question 8

What is Lateral Compression? Causes?

Answer 8

Pelvic injury where forces applied on both sides of pelvis.
Internal rotation of pelvic ring by force applied to iliac crests/femoral head
Lead to fractures

Question 9

What is anterior posterior fracture? Causes?

Answer 9

Top and bottom forces acting on pelvis
Caused by collision with pedestrian and vehicle
Pubic rami/symphysis fractured
Pelvic bones rotate
“Open book” injury

Question 10

What is vertical shear fracture? Causes?

Answer 10

Pelvic injury
One pelvic bone displaced vertically
Fracturing pubic rami/sacroiliac joint
Fall from height
Blood vessels torn

Question 11

What is suspension trauma? How does it happen?

Answer 11

When the body is held in a vertical position for 5-30mins causing venous pooling in the legs reducing circulation
When venous is returned to the heart it leads to cardiac arrest.