Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

What is a Trauma?

A

Injuries caused by a physical force on the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Mechanism of Injury?

A

MOI, how the physical force was enacted to the PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

The amount of energy caused by movement. (PT falls off of a roof)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Potential Energy?

A

The amount of energy that could be caused. (PT is sitting on the roof)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Blunt Trauma?

A

Force without penetrating soft tissues. (Blunt Object, PT collides with solid object)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Penetrating Trauma?

A

Force with positive penetration of the soft tissues. (Stabbing, Shooting, Impalement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an MVA?

A

Motor Vehicle Accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 3 Phases of Impact in MVA?

A

1: Vehicle to Object
2: PT to Vehicle Interior
3: Organs Against Body Structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are significant MOI events in MVA?

A

Death of anyone in the vehicle
High intrusion/damage to the vehicle
Ejection
Severe MVA types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are MVA types?

A

Frontal Impact
Rear Impact
Rotational
Lateral
Rollover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a severe fall?

A

Fall over 3x the PT height.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the main concerns with falls?

A

How high was it
What did the PT land on
What body part hit first.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 4 phases of blast injury?

A

1: Blast itself (Primary)
2: Debris striking PT (Secondary)
3: PT collides with surface (Tertiary)
4: Injuries sustained (Quaternary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a Level 1 Trauma Center?

A

Hospital with the highest level of trauma care.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the trademarks of a Level 1 Trauma center?

A

Treat any level of trauma
24 hr. surgery
On call specialist
High level education
Innovative research.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Hemorrhage?

A

Any type of Bleeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the blood volume in adults?

A

Men: 70ml p/kg of weight
Women: 65ml p/kg of weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the highest blood loss you can tolerate?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 2 types of bleeds?

A

External / Internal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 3 types of external bleeds?

A

Arterial, Venous, Capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Arterial bleeding?

A

Bright red, spurting in synch with pulse, hardest to clot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Venous bleeding?

A

Darker red, flowing, easier to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Capillary bleeding?

A

Dark red, oozing, easy to clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 stages of an external bleed?

A

1: Injury occurs
2: Vasoconstriction
3: Clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is an Internal bleed?

A

Bleed under the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a Contusion?

A

Bleeding beneath the skin, a bruise.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is a major contributor to internal bleeds?

A

Fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the signs of internal bleeding?

A

Tachycardia, Dizziness, Weak Capillary Refill, Hypotension, AMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Hematuria?

A

Blood in Urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Hemoptysis?

A

Blood in Vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How do you treat a bleed?

A

1: Apply pressure
2: Tourniquet if applicable
3: Apply Hemostatic Agent
4: Apply bandages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do you apply a Tourniquet?

A

1: Place 2-3 in above injury
2: Tighten
3: Turn dial until bleeding stops, no pulse distal. 4: Lock in dial, mark time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is a Hemostatic agent?

A

A “quick clot” dressing with a chemical compound that promotes clotting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is Epistaxis?

A

Nose Bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What can cause Epistaxis?

A

Trauma
Sinus infection
Cocaine use
Cancer
Hypertension
Cranial fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How do you treat Epistaxis?

A

1: Have PT sit
2: Lean forward
3: Apply pressure, pinch nostrils
4: Apply Ice pack

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What are the 2 types of Soft Tissue injuries?

A

Open, Closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is a Closed tissue injury?

A

Blunt force trauma, no break in the skin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is an Open tissue injury?

A

There is a break in the skin exposing deeper tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is Ecchymosis?

A

“Black and Blue” disscoloration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is a Hematoma?

A

When a blood vessel is damaged and bleeds into the surrounding tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is a Crush injury?

A

When a large force is resting on the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is Crush Syndrome?

A

When a PT is trapped for longer than 4 hrs., Arterial blood flow is compromised, body releases harmful substances into the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

How do you treat Crush syndrome?

A

1: Apply IV
2: Apply shock pads
3: Extricate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is Compartment Syndrome?

A

Increased pressure in a compartment of soft tissue due to edema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What is an Abrasion?

A

Injury to the skin caused by friction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is a Laceration?

A

A rough, jagged cut.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What is an Incision?

A

A sharp, smooth cut.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is an Avulsion?

A

A separation of the layers of tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is an amputation?

A

The complete severing of an extremity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How do you treat a CLOSED injury?

A

1: Rest
2: Ice
3: Compression
4: Elevate
5: Splint
(RICES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

How do you treat an OPEN injury?

A

1: Direct pressure with dressing/bandage
2: Tourniquet/Hemostatic Agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

What is an Evisceration?

A

When an organ is protruding out of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

How do you treat an Evisceration?

A

1: DO NOT move/touch organs
2: Cover with moist sterile gauze
3: Cover with occlusive dressing
4: Secure with tape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

How do you treat an impaled object?

A

Stabilize, DO NOT remove unless blocking the airway.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

How do you treat a bite?

A

Apply a dry/sterile bandage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

How many degrees of burns are there?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

What is a 1st degree burn?

A

Superficial damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

What is a 2nd degree burn?

A

Partial thickness burn, burns into the soft tissue, MOST painful type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

What is a 3rd degree burn?

A

Full thickness burn, can damage bone/tendon, destroys nerve endings.

61
Q

What are the 4 types of burns?

A

Thermal (Heat)
Electrical (Electrical current)
Chemical (Acids/Alkali)
Radiation (Iodizing/Non Iodizing)

62
Q

What is the Rule of Palms?

A

The amount of area that the PT’s palm covers is 1% of their body.

63
Q

What is the Rule of 9’s?

A

The measurement used to determine burn percentage of the body.

64
Q

What is a MINOR burn?

A

Adult: 15% or less Child: 10% or less

65
Q

What is a MODERATE burn?

A

(2nd degree) Adult: 15% - 25% Child: 10%-20% (3rd degree) over 10%

66
Q

What is a MAJOR burn?
What types are considered major?

A

Adult: Above 25% Child: Above 20%, Chemical/Inhalation/High Voltage

67
Q

How do you treat a burn?

A

Dry/Sterile dressing

68
Q

How do you treat head injuries?
What if brain is exposed?

A

Wrap head in roller gauze.
Apply a moist, sterile dressing.

69
Q

How do you treat chemical’s in the eyes?

A

Flush with saline/water then apply dressing.

70
Q

What is Subcutaneous Emphysema?
What is a sign?

A

Air trapped in the soft tissue, has a crackling sensation.

71
Q

What are the 2 major blood vessels in the neck?

A

Carotid Artery, Jugular Vein

72
Q

What is an Air Embolism?
Why is this life threatening?

A

When air enters a vein, it can travel to the heart.

73
Q

What is Cardiac Tamponade?

A

When the Pericardial sac fills with blood restricting the heart from pumping.

74
Q

What is the Pericardial Sac?

A

Membrane surrounding the heart.

75
Q

What causes Cardiac Tamponade?

A

A tear in the heart wall, penetrating trauma.

76
Q

What are the 3 signs of Beck’s Triad?

A

JVD
Hypotension
Muffled Heart Sounds

77
Q

What is Commotio Cordis?

A

Latin for commotion of the heart.

78
Q

What causes Commotio Cordis?
What can this lead to?

A

Direct blunt force trauma to the heart, can lead to sudden death and Ventricular Fibrillation.

79
Q

What are the 2 main signs of rib fractures?

A

High pain level, rapid/shallow breaths.

80
Q

What is Crepitus

A

The sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together.

81
Q

How do you treat rib fractures?

A

1: Give O2
2: Stabilize
3: Pain medication

82
Q

What is a Flail Chest?

A

Mutiple rib fractures broken in multiple places.

83
Q

What are signs of Flail Chest?

A

Severe pain, rapid shallow breaths, tachycardia, paradoxical chest movement.

84
Q

What is Paradoxical Chest movement?

A

Alternating chest movements during reparations.

85
Q

What is Pneumothorax?
What elevates it to Tension Pneumothorax?

A

“Collapsed Lung”, air ills the chest cavity preventing the lung from inflating, Pressure is put on the heart preventing it from pumping.

86
Q

What are signs of Tension Pneumothorax?

A

Unilateral diminished lung sounds
Hypotension
JVD
Difficulty breathing
Sharp chest pain.

87
Q

What is the cause of Pneumothorax?

A

Penetrating trauma to the chest.

88
Q

How do you treat Pneumothorax?

A

1: Apply O2
2: 3 sided bandage
3: Decompress

89
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen?

A

Right Upper/Lower, Left Upper/Lower

90
Q

What is in the Right Upper Quadrant?

A

Liver, Gallbladder, Diaphragm

91
Q

What is in the Right Lower Quadrant?

A

Appendix, Large Intestine, Ovaries

92
Q

What is in the Left Upper Quadrant?

A

Stomach, Spleen, Pancreas, Diaphragm

93
Q

What is in the Left Lower Quadrant?

A

Sigmoid Colon, Ovaries

94
Q

What is in the Retroperitoneal?

A

Kidneys

95
Q

What is Cullen’s sign?
What does it indicate?

A

Contusions around the navel, Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis.

96
Q

What is Grey Turner’s sign?
What does it indicate?

A

Contusions on the flanks, Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis.

97
Q

What is Peritonitis?

A

Inflammation of the abdomen due to fluids.

98
Q

What is Kehr’s sign?
What is the cause?

A

Pain in the left shoulder, bleeding from a ruptured spleen.

99
Q

What are the 4 main causes of Orthopedic injuries?

A

Direct force, indirect force, twisting force, high energy MOI

100
Q

What is a closed fracture?
What is an open fracture?

A

No external signs of injury, external signs of injury.

101
Q

What is a Non Displaced fracture?
What is a Displaced fracture?

A

No signs of deformity, obvious signs of deformity.

102
Q

What is a Dislocation?

A

Disruption of a joint and the bone ends no longer meet.

103
Q

What happens when a dislocation reduces?

A

The bones return to their correct position either naturally or by force.

104
Q

What is a Sprain?

A

The joint is twisted or stretched beyond normal range.

105
Q

What is a Strain?

A

Stretching or tearing of muscle/tendons.

106
Q

What are the 3 levels of Orthopedic injuries?

A

Minor, Moderate, Severe

107
Q

What is a MINOR orthopedic injury?

A

Minor sprains/strains, fractured finger/toes.

108
Q

What is a MODERATE orthopedic injury?

A

Long bone fracture that is nondisplaced.

109
Q

What is a SEVERE orthopedic injury?

A

Displaced/Open fractures, amputation, bilateral fractures.

110
Q

What are the 4 types of splints?

A

Rigid, Formable, Traction, Hip Binder

111
Q

What are the 4 main causes of Spinal injury?

A

MVA, Falls, Assault, Sports

112
Q

How many Vertebra are in the spine?

A

33 (7,12,5,5,4)

113
Q

What are the 5 sections of the spine?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

114
Q

What does CERVICAL vertebra effect?

A

Head/Neck, Diaphragm, Shoulder/Arms

115
Q

What does THORACIC vertebra effect?

A

Chest/Abdominal muscles

116
Q

What does the LUMBAR vertebra effect?

A

Legs

117
Q

What does SACRAL vertebra effect?

A

Bowel/Bladder/Sexual

118
Q

What does the COCCYGEAL effect?

A

Nothing, its just the tailbone

119
Q

What is Axial loading?

A

Force applied to the top of the head, causes compression injury to the spine.

120
Q

What is Subluxation?

A

Hyperflexion/Hyperextension of the C-Spine

121
Q

What is Distraction?

A

Injury caused by hanging

122
Q

What is Hyperflexion?
What is Hyperextension?

A

C-Spine is pushed forward, “whiplash”

123
Q

What is Babinski’s sign?
How do you apply?

A

Feild test for spinal cord injury, run a pointed object laterally from heel to the big toe.

124
Q

What is Positive v Negative Babinski’s?

A

Pos: Toes fan out Neg: Toes curl in

125
Q

What is Spinal shock?

A

Temporary state of flaccid/paralysis that can last up to 24 hrs. after trauma.

126
Q

What is Neurogenic shock?

A

Caused by damage to the spinal cord.

127
Q

What are signs of neurogenic shock?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, overall vasodilation.

128
Q

What is Thermoregulation?

A

Maintaining of body temperature.

129
Q

How is body temperature regulated?

A

Regulated by the brain’s thermoregulatory center located in the Hypothalamus.

130
Q

What are central thermoreceptors?

A

Neurons sensitive to temperature change that can effect vasculature tone, sweating, metabolism.

131
Q

What are peripheral thermoreceptors?

A

Nerve endings in the skin and mucus membranes with hot and cold receptors.

132
Q

What is hyperthermia?

A

Bodies core temperature is above normal.

133
Q

What are the 3 phases of hyperthermia?

A

Cramps, exhaustion, stroke.

134
Q

What are heat cramps?
What are the signs?

A

Cramps that effect the most tired muscles due to loss of water/soduim, sweaty/tachycardia/cramps.

135
Q

What is heat exhaustion?
What are the signs?

A

More severe heat illness, dizziness/nausea vomiting/body temp up to 103/syncope

136
Q

What is heat stroke?
What are the signs?

A

Most severe heat illness and damage begins to occur to the body, body temp 105 or higher/body begins to shut down/syncope/AMS

137
Q

What are the 2 types of heat stroke?

A

Classic (young/old), Exertional (athletes)

138
Q

How do you treat hyperthermia?

A

1: Move PT to cool environment/Apply ice packs 2: Replace fluids
3: Check BGL
4: EKG

139
Q

What is Hypothermia?

A

Body temperature is below normal.

140
Q

What is MILD hypothermia?
What are the signs?
How do you treat?

A

Body temp is 93 - 95, PT will be lethargic/dulled, move PT to warm environment/remove wet clothing/give dry clothing.

141
Q

What is MODERATE hypothermia?
What are the signs?
How do you treat?

A

Body temp is 86 - 93, AMS/PT looses ability to shiver, same as mild but DO NOT let PT exert any physical strain.

142
Q

What is SEVERE hypothermia?
What are the signs?
How do you treat?

A

Body temp is below 86, LOC/simulated rigor, same as mild/moderate/move PT gently/CPR, defibrillation.

143
Q

What are the 2 types of drowning PT’s?

A

NON/Exhausted swimmers, Medical emergency while swimming.

144
Q

What are the 5 steps of a drowning?

A

Submersion/Panic, Struggle/Laryngospasm, Aspiration/Hypoxia/Death

145
Q

What is Laryngospasm?

A

Involuntary contraction of the vocal chords.

146
Q

What is Aspirations?

A

Reflexes to expel fluids/solids in the lungs.

147
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Low O2 levels in body tissue.

148
Q

What is the Mammalian Diving Reflex?

A

Causes you to involuntary hold breath to protect organs. “Cold water shock”

149
Q

How do you treat drowning?

A

1: Secure the airway
2: Supply O2
3: Keep PT warm
4: Remove wet clothing
5: Dry PT/give dry clothes, blanket.

EMT (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions