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EMT > Cardiology, Resuscitation > Flashcards

Cardiology, Resuscitation Flashcards

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1
Q

What are Arteries?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.

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2
Q

What are Veins?

A

Bring deoxygenated blood to the heart.

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3
Q

What is the SVC?

A

Superior Vena Cava, brings blood from body systems above the heart.

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4
Q

What is the IVC?

A

Inferior Vena Cava, brings blood from body systems below the heart.

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5
Q

What is the TCV?

A

Tri Cusped Valve, allows blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle.

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6
Q

What is the BCV?

A

Bi Cusped Valve/Mitro Valve, allows blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

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7
Q

What is the Pulmonic Valve?

A

Allows blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs via Pulmonary Artery.

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8
Q

What is the Pulmonary Artery?

A

Carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

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9
Q

What is the Pulmonary Vien?

A

Carries blood from the lungs to the left atrium.

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10
Q

What is the Aorta?

A

Carries blood from the left ventricle to the body.

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11
Q

What is Congestive Heart Failure?

A

When the heart fails as a pump
Causes Pulmonary Edema
Blood backs up.

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12
Q

What is Pulmonary Edema?

A

When fluid backs up into the lungs.

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13
Q

What are the signs of CHF?

A

Bilateral rale sounds
JVD
Hypertension
Pink sputum with coughing.

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14
Q

What is JVD?

A

Jugular Vein Distension, Jugular vein is very pronounced do to increase in blood volume.

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15
Q

What is the treatment for CHF?

A

1: Raise SPO2
2: EKG
3: CPAP

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16
Q

What is Angina?

A

Chest pain and discomfort caused by insufficient blood flow to the heart.

17
Q

What causes Angina?

A

Physical Exertion, Stress

18
Q

What are the types of Angina?

A

Stable Angina
Unstable Angina
Prinz metal Angina

19
Q

What is Stable/Unstable/Prinz metal Angina?

A

SA: Symptoms stop with rest.
UA: Symptoms persist even with rest.
PA: Vasoconstriction of the coronary artery.

20
Q

What is a Myocardial Infarction?

A

When blood flow to the heart is obstructed. “Heart Attack”, Muscle/Heart/Death, commonly called an MI.

21
Q

What are the main causes of MI?

A

Smoking
Age 50+
Diabetes
Cholesterol High
High BP
Family History (SADCHF)

22
Q

What are the signs of MI?

A

Crushing chest pain
pain in left arm/shoulder/jaw
nausea/vomiting
sudden tiredness.

23
Q

How do you treat MI?

A

1: Raise SPO2
2: 324mg of Aspirin
3: Nitroglycerin
4: EKG

24
Q

What is Clot v Constriction?

A

Clot: Blockage in the coronary artery Constriction: Vasoconstriction of the coronary artery.

25
Q

What are the 9 Pulse Points?

A

(HEAD) Temporal, Carotid
(NECK) Apical
(ARM) Brachial, Radial
(LEG) Femoral, Popliteal
(FOOT) Posterior Tibial, Dorsalis Pedis

26
Q

What is a Stroke?

A

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA). Blockage/Hemorrhage of the cerebral artery, blockage of blood flow to the brain.

27
Q

What are the causes of Stroke?

A

Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
High Cholesterol
Atrial Fibrillation (AFIB)
Previous Stroke/Clot.

28
Q

What are the signs of Stroke?

A

Balance Issues
Eyesight Abnormal (Blind/Blurred)
Facial Droop
Arm Drift
Speech Impaired (Slur/Stutter/None)
Timeline (When Last Seen Normal), (BEFAST)

29
Q

What is Nystagmus?

A

When PT looks upwards and eyes flutter side to side, used as a test for stroke.

30
Q

What is the treatment for Stroke?

A

1: Raise SPO2
2: Check Blood Glucose Level (BGL)
3: Call in a Stroke Alert
4: Rapid Transport

31
Q

What is CPR?

A

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, manually operating the heart and lungs.

32
Q

How do you apply Chest Compressions?

A

100 to 120 Compressions per minute, depth at 2-2.4 inches.

33
Q

What is the Compression/Breath ratio for Adults?

A

30:2

34
Q

What is the Compression/Breath ratio for Pediatrics?

A

30:2 (1 rescuer)
15:2 (2 rescuers)

35
Q

What is Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

A

AAA, Tear or rupture of the aorta.

36
Q

What are causes of AAA?

A

SADCHF, Most commonly men 60-70

37
Q

What are the signs of AAA?

A

Unexplained hypotension
Pale skin
Syncope
Abdominal pain
Bradycardia

38
Q

What is treatment for AAA?

A

1: Raise SPO2
2: IV fluids
3: Rapid Transport

EMT (5 decks)

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