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Thermo Lecture 1 > Trap/Reservoir/Seal > Flashcards

Trap/Reservoir/Seal Flashcards

1
Q

a naturally occurring storage area, characteristically a folded rock formation, such as an anticline, that traps and holds petroleum

A

Reservoir

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2
Q

Characteristics of an Economically Viable Reservoir

A
  1. Rock must be permeable.
  2. The volume of trap petroleum must be sufficient.
  3. The reservoir is not too compartmentalized.
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3
Q

Intrinsic Properties of a Reservoir

A
  1. Net to Gross
  2. Porosity
  3. Permeability
  4. Hydrocarbon Saturation
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4
Q

measure of potentially productive part of a reservoir. Expressed as percentage of producible reservoir within the overall reservoir package.

A

Net to gross

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5
Q

the void spaces in the rock, measured as
volume percentage or a fraction

A

Porosity

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6
Q

the ability of a material (rock) to transmit fluids

A

Permeability

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7
Q

most commonly, reservoirs contains both oil and water. It is rare to find a reservoir with pure oil or gas.

A

Hydrocarbon Saturation

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8
Q

most common reservoir lithologies

A
  1. sandstone
  2. limestone
  3. dolomite
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9
Q

Sandstone Depositional Environment

A

a. Alluvial Fans
b. Aeolian Dunes
c. Lakes
d. Fluvial Systems
e. Deltas
f. Shallow Marine Systems
g. Submarine Fans

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10
Q

Limestone and Dolomite

A

a. Shelfal/Ramp Carbonates
b. Reefs
c. Deep Water Carbonates
d. Dolomite
e. Karst

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11
Q

any geometric arrangement of rock, regardless of origin, that permits significant accumulation of oil and/or gas in the subsurface

A

Trap

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12
Q

Three (3) Types of Traps

A
  1. Structural Trap
  2. Stratigraphic Trap
  3. Hydrodynamic Trap
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13
Q

may be generated through tectonic, diapiric, compactional, and gravitational processes; the range of of this traps in a basin can be deduced from knowledge of the basin evolution.

A

Structural Trap

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14
Q

Traps formed by Compressive Tectonic Processes

A
  1. Anticline
  2. Folds
  3. Faults
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15
Q

Traps formed by Extensional Tectonic Processes

A
  1. Rift Basin
  2. Faults
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16
Q

Traps formed by Diapiric Processes

A

Salt Diapir and Mud Diapir

17
Q

sometimes referred to as subtle
traps, are formed by lithological variations imparted to a sediment at deposition or generated subsequently by alteration of the sediment or fluid through diagenesis.

A

Stratigraphic Trap

18
Q

the fundamental part of the trap, which prevents the petroleum from migrating onward through the rock—as a bucket without holes

A

Seal

19
Q

caused by differences in water pressures associated with water flow, which creates tilt on the contacts between hydrocarbons and water. Consequently, the fluid contacts in this traps do not correspond directly to structural maps of the reservoir.

A

Hydrodynamic Trap

20
Q

Lithologic Attributes of Seal

A
  1. Small Pore Sizes
  2. High Ductility
  3. Large Thickness
  4. Wide Lateral Extent
21
Q

Five (5) Types of Seal

A
  1. Membrane Seal
  2. Hydraulic Seal
  3. Faults
  4. Trap Fill
  5. Pressure Seal
22
Q

capillary pressure is simply the difference between the pressure in the wetting phase
(normally water) and that in the non wetting phase (normally hydrocarbon).

A

Membrane Seal

23
Q

seals in which petroleum can escape
only by creating fractures

A

Hydraulic Seal

24
Q

can act as both conduits (migration pathways) and seals, depending on the hydraulic conditions, the rock properties of the faults, and the properties of the rocks juxtaposed across the fault.

A

Faults

25
Q

if there is an effective seal that prevents
petroleum loss, petroleum traps can be filled to capacity

A

Trap Fill

26
Q

seals relate to the trapping of petroleum, and may result in no-flow conditions for the petroleum over geologic time.

A

Pressure Seal

27
Q

a process whereby petroleum moves from its place of origin, the source rock, to its destruction at the Earth’s surface.

A

Migration

28
Q

Three (3) Types of Migration

A
  1. Primary
  2. Secondary
  3. Tertiary
29
Q

includes leakage, seepage, dissipation, and
alteration of petroleum as it reaches the Earth’s surface

A

Tertiary

30
Q

movement out of the fine-grained source
into a more permeable conduit.

A

Primary

31
Q

movement from a permeable unit into
the reservoir

A

Secondary

Thermo Lecture 1 (5 decks)

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