Lecture 1

Question 1

can be defined as the science of
energy.

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

can be viewed as the ability to cause changes

Answer 2

Energy

Question 3

most descriptive of the early efforts to convert heat into power

Answer 3

Thermodynamics

Question 4

broadly interpreted to include all aspects of energy and
energy transformations including power generation,
refrigeration, and relationships among the properties of
matter

Answer 4

Thermodynamics

Question 5

It simply states that during an interaction, energy can
change from one form to another but the total amount
of energy remains constant. That is, energy cannot be
created or destroyed

Answer 5

Conservation of Energy Principle

Question 6

simply an expression
of the conservation of energy principle, and it asserts
that energy is a thermodynamic property.

Answer 6

first law of thermodynamics

Question 7

asserts that energy
has quality as well as quantity, and actual processes
occur in the direction of decreasing quality of energy

Answer 7

second law of thermodynamics

Question 8

study of thermodynamics
that does not require a knowledge of the behavior of
individual particles.

Answer 8

classical thermodynamics

Question 9

based on the average
behavior of large groups of individual particles

Answer 9

statistical thermodynamics

Question 10

characterized by any physical quantity can be

Answer 10

dimensions

Question 11

The magnitudes assigned to
the dimensions

Answer 11

units

Question 12

basic dimensions
such as mass m, length L, time
t, and temperature T

Answer 12

primary or fundamental
dimensions

Question 13

expressed in terms of the
primary dimensions ex.
velocity, energy, volume

Answer 13

secondary dimensions or
derived dimensions

Question 14

also
known as the United States
Customary System (USCS)

Answer 14

English system

Question 15

(from Le Système International d’ Unités) also
known as the International system

Answer 15

metric SI

Question 16

can simply be defined
as force times distance;

Answer 16

Work

Question 17

defined as the energy
required to raise the temperature of 1 lbm of water at
68°F by 1°F.

Answer 17

Btu
(British thermal unit)

Question 18

the amount of energy
needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of water at 14.5°C
by 1°C is defined as

Answer 18

1 calorie (cal)

Question 19

unit for time rate of energy

Answer 19

joule per second (J/s) which is called watt (W)

Question 20

every term in an equation must
have the same unit

Answer 20

Dimensional Homogeneity

Question 21

defined as a
quantity of matter or a region in
space chosen for study.

Answer 21

System

Question 22

The mass or region outside the
system

Answer 22

Surroundings

Question 23

The real or imaginary surface that separates the system
from its surroundings

Answer 23

Boundary

Question 24

The boundary of a system can be

Answer 24

Fixed or movable

Question 25

contact surface shared by both the system and the surroundings. Mathematically speaking, the blank has zero thickness, and thus it can neither contain any mass nor occupy any volume in space.

Answer 25

Boundary

Question 26

consists of a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary

Answer 26

closed system (also known as a control mass)

Question 27

properly selected region in space.

Answer 27

open system, or a control volume

Question 28

It usually encloses a device that involves mass flow such as a compressor, turbine, or nozzle.

Answer 28

Open system or control volume

Question 29

If, as a special case, even energy is not allowed to cross the boundary, that system is called an

Answer 29

Isolated system

Question 30

Any characteristic of a system. Pressure P, temperature T, volume V, mass m

Answer 30

Property

Question 31

those that are independent of the mass of the system

Answer 31

Intensive Properties

Question 32

values depend on the size or extent of the system

Answer 32

Extensive Properties

Question 33

extensive properties per unit mass

Answer 33

Specific Properties

Question 34

defined as mass per unit volume

Answer 34

Density

Question 35

The reciprocal of density, which is defined as volume per unit mass

Answer 35

specific volume v

Question 36

defined as the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of some standard substance at a specified temperature (usually water at 4°C, for which ρH2O = 1000 kg/m3).

Answer 36

specific gravity or relative density

Question 37

weight of a unit volume of a substance

Answer 37

specific weight

Question 38

condition of the system

Answer 38

State

Question 39

implies a state of balance

Answer 39

Equilibrium

Question 40

there are no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces) within the system.

Answer 40

Equilibrium State

Question 41

the temperature is the same throughout the entire system.

Answer 41

Thermal equilibrium

Question 42

related to pressure; no change in pressure at any point of the system with time

Answer 42

Mechanical Equilibrium

Question 43

when the mass of each phase reaches an equilibrium level and stays there

Answer 43

Phase Equilibrium

Question 44

chemical composition does not change with time, that is, no chemical reactions occur

Answer 44

Chemical equilibrium

Question 45

The state of a simple compressible system is completely specified by two independent, intensive properties.

Answer 45

The state postulate

Question 46

Any change that a system undergoes from one equilibrium state to another

Answer 46

Process

Question 47

series of states through which a system passes during a process

Answer 47

Path of the process

Question 48

a process proceeds in such a manner that the system remains infinitesimally close to an equilibrium state at all times

Answer 48

quasi-static (quasiequilibrium) process

Question 49

used to designate a process for which a particular property remains constant

Answer 49

Iso

Question 50

is a process during which the temperature T remains constant

Answer 50

Isothermal Process

Question 51

is a process during which the pressure P remains constant

Answer 51

Isobaric process

Question 52

during which the specific volume v remains constant

Answer 52

isochoric (or isometric) process

Question 53

Implies no change with time

Answer 53

steady

Question 54

opposite of steady

Answer 54

unsteady (or transient)

Question 55

implies no change with location over a specified region

Answer 55

Uniform

Question 56

a process during which a fluid flows through a control volume steadily

Answer 56

steady-flow process

Question 57

states that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

Answer 57

zeroth law of thermodynamics

Question 58

two bodies are in thermal equilibrium if both have the same temperature reading even if they are not in contact

Answer 58

Zeroth law of thermodynamics

Question 59

Is defined as a normal force exerted by a fluid per unit area.

Answer 59

Pressure

Question 60

The counterpart of pressure in solids

Answer 60

Normal stress

Question 61

The actual pressure at a given position is called

Answer 61

absolute pressure

Question 62

indicate the difference between the absolute pressure and the local atmospheric pressure

Answer 62

Gage pressure

Question 63

pressures below atmospheric pressure

Answer 63

vacuum pressures

Question 64

The pressure is the same at all points on a horizontal plane in a given fluid regardless of geometry, provided that the points are interconnected by the same fluid

Answer 64

hydrostatic conditions

Question 65

Atmospheric pressure is measured by a device called

Answer 65

barometer

Question 66

atmospheric pressure is often referred to as the

Answer 66

barometric pressure

Question 67

it is commonly used to measure small and moderate pressure differences

Answer 67

Manometer

Question 68

A system is called ________ in the absence of electrical, magnetic, gravitational, motion, and surface tension effects

Answer 68

simple compressible system