Lecture 3 Flashcards
is a
substance that has a fixed
chemical composition
throughout.
E.g. water, nitrogen,
helium, and carbon
dioxide
pure substance
does not
have to be of a single chemical
element or compound,
however. A mixture of various
chemical elements or
compounds also qualifies as a
pure substance as long as the
mixture is homogeneous.
pure substance
Solid molecules are
arranged in a _________ which
is an ordered array of
points describing the
arrangement crystal-
forming particles.
lattice
begins when solid molecules
reach a point where they can escape these strong
intermolecular forces upon reaching sufficiently high
temperatures.
“melting” process
State 1 is __________
state since it is not ready to
vaporize.
a compressed liquid
a
liquid that is about to vaporize
saturated liquid
A vapor that is
about to condense
is called a __________
saturated vapor
A substance at states between 2 and 4 is referred to as a
_____________ since the liquid and
vapor phases coexist in equilibrium at these states.
saturated liquid–vapor mixture
A vapor that is not about to condense is called a __________
superheated vapor
the temperature at
which a pure substance
changes phase at a given
pressure
saturation temperature,
Tsat
the pressure at which a
pure substance changes phase at a given temperature
saturation pressure, Psat
the amount of energy absorbed or
released during a phase change process
Latent Heat
the amount of energy absorbed
during melting equal to the amount of energy released
during freezing
Latent Heat of Fusion
the amount of energy
absorbed during vaporization equal to the energy
released during condensation
Latent Heat of Vaporization
A plot of Psat versus
Tsat is called a _______. A curve of this
kind is characteristic of all pure substances.
liquid–
vapor saturation
curve.
the point at which the saturated liquid
and saturated vapor states are identical
Critical Point
The temperature, pressure, and specific volume of a
substance at the critical point are called, respectively, the _______, __________ and __________.
critical temperature Tcr, critical pressure Pcr, and critical
specific volume vcr.
At ____________ there is not
a distinct phase-change
process. Instead, the specific
volume of the substance
continually increases, and at
all times there is only one
phase present.
pressures above the
critical pressure
there is no line that
separates the compressed liquid
region and the superheated
vapor region.
Above the critical state
It is customary to refer to the substance as ________ at temperatures above the critical temperature and as ________ at temperatures below the
critical temperature.
superheated
vapor; compressed liquid
a line connecting the saturated
liquid states
Saturated Liquid Line
a line connecting the saturated
vapor states
Saturated Vapor Line
All the compressed liquid states are located in the region
to the left of the saturated liquid line, called the _________
compressed liquid region
All the superheated vapor states are located to the right
of the saturated vapor line, called the __________
superheated
vapor region