Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

is a
substance that has a fixed
chemical composition
throughout.
E.g. water, nitrogen,
helium, and carbon
dioxide

A

pure substance

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2
Q

does not
have to be of a single chemical
element or compound,
however. A mixture of various
chemical elements or
compounds also qualifies as a
pure substance as long as the
mixture is homogeneous.

A

pure substance

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3
Q

Solid molecules are
arranged in a _________ which
is an ordered array of
points describing the
arrangement crystal-
forming particles.

A

lattice

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4
Q

begins when solid molecules
reach a point where they can escape these strong
intermolecular forces upon reaching sufficiently high
temperatures.

A

“melting” process

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5
Q

State 1 is __________
state since it is not ready to
vaporize.

A

a compressed liquid

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6
Q

a
liquid that is about to vaporize

A

saturated liquid

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7
Q

A vapor that is
about to condense
is called a __________

A

saturated vapor

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8
Q

A substance at states between 2 and 4 is referred to as a
_____________ since the liquid and
vapor phases coexist in equilibrium at these states.

A

saturated liquid–vapor mixture

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9
Q

A vapor that is not about to condense is called a __________

A

superheated vapor

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10
Q

the temperature at
which a pure substance
changes phase at a given
pressure

A

saturation temperature,
Tsat

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11
Q

the pressure at which a
pure substance changes phase at a given temperature

A

saturation pressure, Psat

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12
Q

the amount of energy absorbed or
released during a phase change process

A

Latent Heat

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13
Q

the amount of energy absorbed
during melting equal to the amount of energy released
during freezing

A

Latent Heat of Fusion

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14
Q

the amount of energy
absorbed during vaporization equal to the energy
released during condensation

A

Latent Heat of Vaporization

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15
Q

A plot of Psat versus
Tsat is called a _______. A curve of this
kind is characteristic of all pure substances.

A

liquid–
vapor saturation
curve.

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16
Q

the point at which the saturated liquid
and saturated vapor states are identical

A

Critical Point

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17
Q

The temperature, pressure, and specific volume of a
substance at the critical point are called, respectively, the _______, __________ and __________.

A

critical temperature Tcr, critical pressure Pcr, and critical
specific volume vcr.

18
Q

At ____________ there is not
a distinct phase-change
process. Instead, the specific
volume of the substance
continually increases, and at
all times there is only one
phase present.

A

pressures above the
critical pressure

19
Q

there is no line that
separates the compressed liquid
region and the superheated
vapor region.

A

Above the critical state

20
Q

It is customary to refer to the substance as ________ at temperatures above the critical temperature and as ________ at temperatures below the
critical temperature.

A

superheated
vapor; compressed liquid

21
Q

a line connecting the saturated
liquid states

A

Saturated Liquid Line

22
Q

a line connecting the saturated
vapor states

A

Saturated Vapor Line

23
Q

All the compressed liquid states are located in the region
to the left of the saturated liquid line, called the _________

A

compressed liquid region

24
Q

All the superheated vapor states are located to the right
of the saturated vapor line, called the __________

A

superheated
vapor region

25
All the states that involve both phases in equilibrium are located under the dome, called _________
the saturated liquid– vapor mixture region, or the wet region
26
The P-T diagram - This is also called the _________
Phase Diagram
27
The _________ separates the solid and vapor regions;
sublimation line
28
The _________ separates the liquid and vapor regions
vaporization line
29
the _________ line separates the solid and liquid regions.
melting or fusion
30
The aforementioned three lines meet at the ________, where all three phases coexist in equilibrium
triple point
31
A thermodynamic property designed simplify our reference to the combined values of Pv and u terms.
Enthalpy, h
32
The quantity hfg is called the _________. It represents the amount of energy needed to vaporize a unit mass of saturated liquid at a given temperature or pressure. It decreases as the temperature or pressure increases and becomes zero at the critical point.
enthalpy of vaporization (or latent heat of vaporization)
33
the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture
Quality, x
34
A saturated mixture can be treated as a combination of two subsystems:
saturated liquid; saturated vapor
35
Any equation that relates the pressure, temperature, and specific volume of a substance is called an _________
equation of state
36
The simplest and best known equation of state for substances in the gas phase is the _________
ideal gas equation of state
37
_________ is called the gas constant
constant of proportionality R
38
the ideal-gas equation of state, or simply the ideal-gas relation, and a gas that obeys this relation is called an
ideal gas
39
defined as the mass of one mole of a substance in grams, or the mass of one kmol in kilograms, or the mass of one lbmol in lbm.
M, the molar mass of the gas
40
An _________ is an imaginary substance that obeys the relation Pv = RT
ideal gas