Transportation Flashcards
Federal Highway Act of 1973
Created Metropolitan Planning Organizations
Established Transportation System Management to improve system without increasing physical size of roads. aimed to match travel demands to capacity, focused on effectiveness of system.
-Provided funding for existing interstate and new urban and rural primary and secondary roads in the United States.
Funded a highway safety improvement program, and permitted states for the first time in U.S. history to use Highway Trust Fund money for mass transit.
First national speed limit (of 55 miles per hour (89 km/h))
Federal-Aid Highway Acts, 1956
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law. With an original authorization of $25 billion (equivalent to $207 billion in 2022)[1] for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time
National Transportation Programs/Acts
FHWA, FTA, FRA, FAA, ACOE § National Highway System § TEA Acts and MAP-21
ISTEA (1991)
(ICE TEA) - Intermodal surface transprotation efficiency act of 1991. First multimodal act. Required that MPOs and DOTs create 3 year TIPs that establish priorities among local projects. By tying projects to funding types, TIPs become constrained to reduce frivolous spending of federal funds. Requires long range plan for 20 years. Allocated $ to improvements to reduce congestion through increased efficiency and alternatives
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1916
1st federal highway funding legislation, passed to expand road network. Farmers were asking because roads were in terrible condition. After this, every state had a DOT to administer funds
FAST act (2015)
1st federal law funding for surface transportation planning and construction. Converted ISTEA into block grants, which are more flexible funding used to preserve and improve conditions and performance on any highway, bridge, tunnel, or multimodal infrastructure
Speed hump
3-4 in tall elevated areas along road to force drivers to slow
FHWA standards on roads
after WW2, determined what was a “good” road- because prioritize free flowing traffic, not because they were effective. Too wide
Level of Service
assigns a grade (a to F) to road. C is stable, F is over capacity
AADT
Average Annual Daily Traffic - amount of traffic on a roadway in a 24 hr period, average over one year
Inter city transit
begins and ends in different urban (metro) areas. Most common used to be rail, but as rail turned mostly for freight it switched to air
SAFETEA
Created HSIP (highway safety improvement program) as a funding category for repairing and reconstructing old infrastructure. Required data driven approach for improving highway safety. Focused on traffic related fatalities.
MAP21 (2012)
Created streamlined performance based program so states would invest resources in multimodal projects. Less TEA
Choker or pinch points
curb extensions on both sides to reduce speed and narrow street - Traffic calming -
DHV
Design Hour Volumes - traffic capacity for a road
Trip generations
determined by land use and intensity of use that causes people to travel. Likelihood of users to make trips depend on purpose of trip and socioeconomic facotrs (age/income/ownership for car/etc)
Local roads
direct access to adjacent land. Do not carry through-traffic
Federal Aid Highway Act of 1944
expanded freeway to major cities and industrial centers, but not funded
Transportation Equity Act of 21st Century (TEA21) 1998
extended ISTEA. Streamlined environmental documentation, focused more on equity and connecting suburbs to transit
FHWA
Federal Highway Administration
Modal split
How people get somewhere - bike, walk, car, transit
Minor Arterial
Interconnect principle artierials and provide less mobility as they distribute traffic to smaller areas
Speed tables
larger than speed hump entire car can fit on section before continuing on road Traffic calming -
Local Street
Local roads provide direct access to adjacent land and allow users to access r