Transportation Flashcards
What does Transportation Planning do?
Identifies current and future transporation issues and develops solutions to address these issues
What is Multi-Modal Planning
Moving people, raw materials, and goods to where they need to go most efficiently and considering all modes
Name 3 stakeholder categories:
- Federal; 2. Regional; 3. Local or regional
What groups make up the Federal Stakeholders?
USDOT, Federal Highway Administration, Federal Transit Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, Federal Aviation Administration
What groups make up the Regional Stakeholders?
State DOTs, MPO’s, Council of Governments, Regional Planning Councils
What groups make up the Local Stakeholders?
local governments, transit agencies, expressway, port and airport authorities, the public
What year was the first federal highway funding passed and what was it called?
1916; Federal-Aid Road Act
What act developed the National Highway System and what year was it passed?
Federal-Aid Highway Act; 1921
What Federal-Aid Highway Act established the interstate highway system (what year)?
1956
What two main things did the 1962 Highway Act accomplish?
Established MPOs, 3 C’s (continuing, Comprehensive, Cooperative)
What did the 1973 Highway Act do?
Highway Safety Improvement System (HSIP), Funding for mass-transit projects
What did the 1991 Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act do?
Transportation Enhancements (TE) Program, Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) Program, fiscal constraints/social equity for multi-modal
What act created the Congestion Management System (CMS) and set earmarks?
1998 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
What does SAFETEA-LU stand for?
Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation, Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
What year was SAFETEA-LU passed and what did it create?
2005; Safe Routes to School (SRTS) Program
What is MAP-21?
Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century passed in 2012; 2-year reauthorization - $52.5B/year; eliminated earmarks; consolidated programs; established use of performance measures
What did the 2015 Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (FAST) do?
5-year reauthorization - $56.2B/yr; continues MAP-21 provisions, established National Freight Program; accelerates project delivery
Name 2 Federal transportation funding sources.
Highway Trust Fund and General Fund
Name 3 State Transportation funding sources.
Highway Trust Fund, General Fund, Bonds
Name 3 Local Transportation funding sources.
Location option fuel and sales tax; impact/mobility fees; General Fund/Bonds/Transit Fare Box Revenue
What is the MPO Board Composition?
Local governments, transit operators, State Department of Transportation, Expressway, Aviation and Port Authorities, other transportation providers
What are the responsibilities of the MPO?
long range transportation planning (CRTP) AKA Metropolitan Transportation Plan (MTP), Transportation Improvement Program (TIP), Unified Planning Work Program (UPWP), Congestion Management Plan (CMP), Title VI/Environmental Justice
What does Title VI state?
“No person in the United States shall, on the ground of race, color or national origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal Financial Assistance
What do MPOs not do?
Maintenance, operations, construction, design
How many levels of service (LOS) are there for roadways?
6 (A-F)
What is Level A Service?
free flow with low volume and high speeds
What is Level B Service?
stable flow with operating speeds beginning to be restricted by traffic conditions
What is Level C Service?
mostly stable flow, but speeds and maneuverability are more constricted by higher volumes
What is Level D Service?
approaching unstable flow, with tolerable operating speeds but driving speed can be considerably affected by changes in operating conditions
What is Level E Service?
cannot be described by speed alone, operating speeds are lower than D
What is Level F Service?
operating speeds are stop and go, the stoppages disrupt the traffic flow so that the volume carried by the roadway falls below its capacity
Name 10 Traffic Calming Measures.
speed humps, speed tables, raised crosswalks, rumble strips, roudabout, street closures, diverters, BULBS/neckdowns/Chicanes, speed monitors, neighborhood traffic management
Describe Living Streets and Shared Streets
gateways that announce that one has entered the “living street,” curves to slow down traffic, amenities such as trees and play equipment that sense the dual purpose by forcing vehicles to slow down, no curbs, intermittent parking so that cars do not form a wall between the roadway and houses
What is Transportation Demand Management (TDM) also known as?
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Reduction Strategies
What are some examples of TDM?
telecommuting, 4-day work week, ride sharing, transit, bicycling, walking
Describe Transportation System Management (TSM).
more capital is required but less than traditional capacity projects (ie: roadway widening); improves operational efficiency; data collection is necessary to monitor system performance
What are some examples of TSM?
Signal timing optimization, vehicle detectors, central system - TMC, turning lanes, pavement striping, special events management strategies
Name 6 functional classifications of transportation.
Interstates, freeways, principle arterials, minor arterials, collector roads, local roads
when was the first federal highway funding act, what was it called and what did it do?
1916, Federal-Aid Road Act - federal funding was provided for rural post roads on the condition that they be open to the public at no charge.
When did the First Federal-Aid Highway Act pass and what did it do?
1921 Federal-Aid Highway Act - Developed National Highways. It provided federal 50–50 matching funds for state highway building up to 7 percent of roads statewide.
Federal Highway Act of 1956
Established the Interstate Highway System (41,000 Miles of road)
