Major American Planning Movements/Acts Flashcards
What issues did the City Beautiful Movement address? Who promoted this movement?
Severe poverty, Crime, and Blight. Daniel Burnham was a leader promoting this movement.
Who created the first model civic center? What was it called? and where was this civic center demonstrated?
The first model civic center was the White City, created by Daniel Burnham in Chicago for the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893
What was the McMillan Plan for Washington D.C. and what did it seek to do?
As a result of the City Beautiful Movement, the McMillan Plan of 1901 for Washington D.C., which sought to resurrect L’Enfant’s 1791 Plan for Washington and restore the city to civic greatness.
Who started the Garden City Movement?
in 1898 Ebenezer Howard wrote “To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform” explaining the principles behind Garden City.
What is a Garden City?
A Garden City is self-contained, with a population of 32,000 and a land area of 6,000 acres.
A Garden City would house 30,000 people on 1,000 acres, with remaining land and population in farming areas. Garden City was intended to bring about economic and social reform. Land ownership would be held by a corporation.
What was a movement created as a reaction against the City Beautiful Movement?
The City Efficient, AKA City Scientific. Focused on function and efficiency of cities.
When did the City Humane Movement start and what did it focus on?
in 1930s, the City Humane Movement started, following The Great Depression, and was concerned with jobs and housing.
Who established the Resettlement Administration in 1935 and what was this agency’s responsible for?
President Roosevelt established the Resettlement Administration and this agency was responsible for the Greenbelt Towns Program.
What year was the Land Ordinance created and what was its purpose?
The Land Ordinance was created in 1785, providing rectangular land survey of the Old Northwest. It was a systematic way to divide and distribute land to the public.
When was the Homestead Act passed by Congress and what did it do?
The Homestead Act was passed in 1862, which provided 160 acres of land to settlers for a fee of $18 and a guarantee of five years of residence.
When was the General Land Law Revision Act passed by Congress and what did this act allow?
In 1891, the General Land Law Revision Act was passed by Congress. This Act provided the President of the United States with the power to create forest preserves by proclamation.
When did Congress pass the Forest Management Act and what did it allow?
In 1897, Congress passed the Forest Management Act, which allowed the Secretary of the Interior to manage forest preserves.
When was the U.S. Reclamation Act passed and what did it allow?
In 1902, the U.S. Reclamation Act was passed. It allowed the funds raised from the sale of public land in arid states to be used to construct water storage and irrigation systems.
When was the Antiquities Act law created and what did it allow?
In 1906, the Antiquities Act was the first law to provide federal protection for archaeological sites. The Act allowed for the designation of National Monuments.
When was the Resettlement Administration created and what was its purpose?
In 1935, the Resettlement Administration was formed to carry out experiments in population resettlement and land reform. The result was the development of Greenbelt towns.
