Housing Flashcards
What is the Tenement Act of 1879?
This law required that windows open to outside air, which resulted in the dumbbell tenement housing type, referred to as “Old Law Tenements.” Provided requirements for light and air, 2 toilets on each floor, accessible by a common hall, a window for each room, Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives” published in 1890
What is the New Tenement Act of 1901?
This law created “New Law” tenements and outlawed dumbbell tenements. It required wide light and air areas between buildings, as well as toilets and running water in each apartment unit. Required permits and inspections for construction, alterations and conversions; housing was primarily provided by private individuals/companies; 70% lot coverage, toilet in every unit and windows that can open to fresh air.
What is the National Housing Act of 1934?
created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to act as mortgager insurance agency; to regulate interest rates and mortgage terms; it revolutionized private housing finance by longer mortgages, smaller down payments, uniform self-amortization monthly payments, established minimum design standards. Created the FSLIC (Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
What year was NYC Housing Authority v. Muller and what did it determine?
1936; supreme court ruling established the NYC Housing Authority’s right to employ the power of eminent domain for slum clearing purposes
What did the National Housing Act of 1937 create?
the USHA (US Housing Authority) to channel financial assistance in the form of direct loans and open subsidies to local housing authorities for slum clearance and for construction/operation of public housing for low income families
What happened to all federal housing programs in 1947?
All federal housing programs were consolidated under Housing and Home Finance Agency (HHFA)
What is the Federal Housing Act of 1949?
created Urban Renewal; focus on slum clearance; supposedly reaffirmed the Federal commitment to the housing needs of the poor; provided money for localities to assemble, clear, then sell and lease for “predominantly residential uses” to housing agencies or private developers; perpetual racial discrimination; also replaced the low density townhouses with superblocks or “housing projects” which were warehouses for the poor
What is the Housing Act of 1954?
expanded Urban Renewal; focused on slum prevention; Section 701 - established the 1st Federal matching funds for local comprehensive plans for communities with less than 25K; included the Workable Program for Community Improvement
Describe the amendments to the Housing Act of 1959
resulted in the Housing Act of 1961; Section 202 - created Supportive Housing for the Elderly Program; Section 202(d)(3) provided interest subsidies to private nonprofit corporations, limited dividend corporations, co-op and public agencies for the construction of public housing projects for low and moderate income families to rent
What year was HUD created and what did it replace?
1965; replaced HHFA; rent supplied payments for households below poverty level; private home loans at 3% interest for low and moderate income households; subsidies for more than 200K low rent public housing projects
What year was the Model Cities Program created?
1966
Describe the Model Cities Program
quasi-political; federal government funded to decide on problems, solutions, and priorities
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 accomplish?
made racial discrimination for housing, rentals or sale, illegal.
What did the Housing and Urban Development Act in 1968 do?
Section 235 - subsidized low monthly payments for private homes financial and FHA mortgage insurance programs; for low and moderate income households
What act required area-wide regional planning agency review?
Circular A-95 in the Intergovernmental Cooperation Act (1968)