transportation Flashcards
osmosis
diffusion of water where the net movement of water molecules moves from a low concentration of particle to a high concentration of particles through a partially permeable membrane. it is also passive.
A high concentration of water means that there is a low concentration of particles. That therefore means that a low concentration of water will have a high concentration of particles.
isotonic
a solution with the same concentration as the cytoplasm of the cell.
hypertonic
solution that has a higher concentration as the cytoplasm
hypotonic
a solution with a lower concentration than the cytoplasm.
diffusion
net movement of particles down a concentration gradient so they are evenly distributed from a high concentration to a low concentration
simple diffusion
non polar molecules in a high concentration on one side of the membrane so particles can easily move through. Usually these molecules are non polar a small such as oxygen. So something large and polar like glucose wont be able to move through a phospholipid bilayer via simple diffusion and ions cause they’re charged.
facilitated diffusion
large and polar molecules cant easily pass the bilayer, so carrier and channel proteins help them. it’s more rapid and fast than simple diffusion and is passive.
what factors effect diffusion
concentration- the greater the difference in concentration, the faster the rate of diffusion will be.
Temperature- higher the temperature the faster the rate of diffusion due to the particles moving faster
Particle size- larger the particles the slower diffusion will be.
active transport
particles moving against the concentration gradient and requires ATP to do so ( therefore it’s not passive ). carrier proteins are used. from a low concentration to a high concentration.
bulk transport
when large substances need to be moved across the cell membrane
endocytosis
bulk transport of particles into the cell
exocytosis
bulk transport of particles out of the cell.
phagocytosis
a type of endocytosis using the plasma membrane to engulf large particles.
example - bacteria
Pinocytosis
a type of endocytosis that takes small particles in a fluid into the cell.
osmolarity
total concentration of solutes.
