genetics Flashcards
gene
a section of DNA that carries a coded instruction
allele
a different form of a gene
example of genes and alleles
a gene would be eye color, but an allele would be blue eyes, brown eyes or green eyes
genome
complete set of DNA
autosome
chromosomes that exclude sex chromosomes
gametes
a reproductive cell with half the genetic material a somatic cell has. Such as sperm or eggs
diploid
two sets of chromosomes
haploid
single set of chromosomes
homologous pairs
two identical chromosomes in a pair
Codons
groups of three nucleotides read by messenger RNA
messenger RNA bases names
Thymine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil
what are codons known in transfer RNA
anticodon
karyotype
picture of an individuals set of chromosomes
turner syndrome
an individual only has one x chromosome
Edwards syndrome
three chromosomes 18’s
Down syndrome
three chromosomes 21’s
what are the two macro molecules
nucleic acid and proteins
polygenic inheritance
more than one gene contributes to the phenotype
gene locus
location of a gene on a chromosome
