genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

gene

A

a section of DNA that carries a coded instruction

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2
Q

allele

A

a different form of a gene

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3
Q

example of genes and alleles

A

a gene would be eye color, but an allele would be blue eyes, brown eyes or green eyes

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4
Q

genome

A

complete set of DNA

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5
Q

autosome

A

chromosomes that exclude sex chromosomes

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6
Q

gametes

A

a reproductive cell with half the genetic material a somatic cell has. Such as sperm or eggs

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7
Q

diploid

A

two sets of chromosomes

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8
Q

haploid

A

single set of chromosomes

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9
Q

homologous pairs

A

two identical chromosomes in a pair

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10
Q

Codons

A

groups of three nucleotides read by messenger RNA

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11
Q

messenger RNA bases names

A

Thymine, Guanine, Adenine and Uracil

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12
Q

what are codons known in transfer RNA

A

anticodon

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13
Q

karyotype

A

picture of an individuals set of chromosomes

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14
Q

turner syndrome

A

an individual only has one x chromosome

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15
Q

Edwards syndrome

A

three chromosomes 18’s

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16
Q

Down syndrome

A

three chromosomes 21’s

17
Q

what are the two macro molecules

A

nucleic acid and proteins

18
Q

polygenic inheritance

A

more than one gene contributes to the phenotype

19
Q

gene locus

A

location of a gene on a chromosome