The eukaryotic cell

Question 1

What are the three stages that a eukaryotic cell goes through

Answer 1

• interphase
  -mitosis
  -cytokinesis

Question 2

interphase

Answer 2

when the cell grows and the chromosomes duplicate. It has three phases. G1 and S and G2. The phase between divisions.

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

when sister chromatids are separated and two nuclei are formed.

Question 4

cytokinesis

Answer 4

formation of two daughter cells

Question 5

describe the process of interphase

Answer 5

it is the first and longest stage

it synthesises DNA, proteins and organelles.

Substages include
-G1
-S
-G2

The cell is able to exit during G1 and enter in GO which is a resting stage.

Question 6

G1

Answer 6

the cell grows in cytosol volume, it synthesises proteins so that DNA can replicate as well as replicate organelles.

Question 7

S

Answer 7

DNA is replicated and chromosomes become two sister chromatids

Question 8

somatic cell

Answer 8

a cell that isn’t reproductive and has two sets of chromosomes.

Question 8

diploid cell

Answer 8

a cell or an organism that contains to sets of chromosomes

Question 9

G2

Answer 9

the cell continues to grow in preparation for mitosis.

Question 10

stages of mitosis

Answer 10

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

Question 11

prophase

Answer 11

The nucleolus disappears during EARLY PROPHASE Centrioles separate.

chromatins are condensed around histones. They form chromosomes and become visible. during PROPHASE. the nuclear membrane breaks down.

LATE PROPHASE- centrioles have arrived at the poles.

Question 12

metaphase

Answer 12

Spindle fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome and line them along the equator.

Question 13

anaphase

Answer 13

spindle fibers contract and shorten and the centromere is split. The sister chromatids are pulled away. They are now chromosomes as the chromatids have separated.

LATE ANAPHASE is when the chromosomes have reached the pole of the cell. the spindle fibres will then begin to disappear.

Question 14

Telophase

Answer 14

nuclear membranes are formed around each nucleus as well as two nuclei.

chromosomes are packed together (decondensed).

a contractile ring forms in the cell and attachs to the cell membrane. When contracts it creates a cleavage furrow.

Question 15

cytokinesis

Answer 15

the cytoplasm divides.

organelles are distributed and then separate into two identical daughter cells. it’s NOT A STAGE OF MITOSIS.

the contractile ring contracts and deepens the cleavage furrow.

now G1 will begin.

Question 16

Regulation of cell cycles and the three checkpoints.

Answer 16

the cell will inspect itself and try to detect errors before proceeding to the next stage. They occur in
- G1
- G2
- Metaphase

Question 17

G1 checkpoint in the cell cycle

Answer 17

it verifies the size of the cell and makes sure it has synthesized enough proteins for the DNA replication process.

Question 18

G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle

Answer 18

make sure that the DNA has been replicated correctly and it has enough resources for mitosis.

Question 19

Metaphase checkpoint in the cell cycle

Answer 19

checks the formation of the spindle fibers and the cell’s chromosome is in the right spot.

Question 20

kinetochore fibers

Answer 20

proteins that connect to chromosomes

Question 21

what do mitochondria’s and chloroplast divide by

Answer 21

binary fission.